Morphometric Effect of Erythropoietin Used as Doping and Swimming Exercise in Female Rats in Puberty on Humerus and Femur Bones

In this study, the effect of human erythropoietin (rhEPO) with aerobic exercise on the femur and humerus bone of female rats in the pubertal period was investigated by morphometric method. The study was performed on 40 female rats of the Spraque – Dawley genus. The rats were divided into four groups as erythropoietin, swimming exercise with erythropoietin, swimming and sedentary. For 4 weeks, every other day all rats were injected with rhEPO (100 IU / kg, IP) 4 days a week. After the injection, the swimming group with rhEPO and the solo swimming group were swam for 30 minutes. At the end of 4 weeks, the rats were euthanized, and corpus, height and cortex and cavum medulla measurements of humerus and femur bones were done. Statistical evaluation also indicated that there were no differences (p>0.05) between rhEPO group, swimming group and rhEPO + swimming group femur length and femur cavum medulla da sedentary group. Sedentary group was found to be thicker (p<0.05) in femoral Corpus than swimming and rhEPO group, while there was no statistical difference in femoral cortex but a numerical difference was found. While Humerus bone length and Corpus were not significant in our study (p>0.05), although the numerical values of rhEPO + swimming group in Cortex and Cavum medullada were different compared to other groups, no statistical difference was found (p > 0.05). As a result, it is thought that long-term use of erythropoietin may cause bone development disorders. Keywords: Doping, Erythropoietin, Exercise, Morphometry DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-9-08 Publication date:May 31st 2020   Special issue on science research

Socialization Effect of Physical Activity in Students Who Need Special Education

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of physical activity on socialization in secondary school students who need special education. The sample of the research is composed of 40 middle school students (n=20 experimental group and n=20 control group) who were educated in Malatya Sehit Yuzbası Hakkı Akyuz Secondary School and indicated that they needed special education with the report given by Guidance Research Center. The socialization scale developed by Demirdağ (2010) was applied to the parents of the students before and after the 16-week activity program in determining the socialization levels of the students. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the students in the experimental group (p<0.05). The study found that the 16-week physical activity program, which was held at least 3 days a week, contributed to the socialization of middle school students who needed special education

THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON SOCIAL ADAPTATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN MENTALLY DISABLED INDIVIDUALS

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of physical activity on social adjustment and skill development in mentally disabled individuals. The sample of the study consisted of 50 (n=40 male and n=10 female) mentally handicapped individuals aged between 11 and 15 who were educated at the Malatya Anatolian Special Education and Rehabilitation Center. These individuals were divided into two groups as experiment (n=25) and control (n=25). Individuals constituting the experimental group were given a bowling activity for 4 days and 2 hours in every week and tracking activity 1 day and 1 hour in every week throughout 12 weeks. Individuals who form the control group do not participate in any activities and continue their daily lives. In order to determine the effect of physical activity on social adaptation and skill development in mentally disabled individuals, the Social Skills and Compliance Scale (SSCS) was applied to parents of members of the experimental and control groups before and after of exercise program that is for 12 weeks. After analyzing the statistical analysis, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of SSCS total scores and subscales of the scale in both experimental and control groups (p<0.05). When the mean values of the pre-tests and final scores applied to the individuals in the experiment and control groups are examined, it was seen that the average of the final test scores of the individuals in the experimental group decreases; the average of the post test scores of the individuals in the control group increased. It was reached from results of these findings that physical activity that continues throughout 12 weeks contributed to the development of social cohesion and competence of mentally disabled individuals. For this reason, should be frequently included in physical activities which have to enhance and support social development levels of mentally disabled individuals who are trained in rehabilitation centers so that they can adapt to the environment they live in.  Article visualizations

Pressure drop across micro-pin heat sinks under boiling conditions

Two-phase pressure drop was studied in four different micro pin fin heat sinks. Micro pin fin heat sinks used in the current studies were operated under boiling conditions using water and R-123 as working fluids. It was observed that once boiling was initiated severe temperature fluctuations and flow oscillations were recorded for three of the micro pin fin heat sinks, which was characterized as unstable boiling. Pressure drop signals were presented just before and after the unstable boiling conditions. Flow images and FFT (fast Fourier Transform) profiles of pressure signals were used to explain experimental results and unstable nature in flow boiling observed in the three of the devices. Stable boiling conditions where the temperature and pressure drop had a steady and stable profile could be only obtained from one micro pin fin heat sink at high mass velocities. The two-phase pressure drop in this hydrofoil-based micro pin fin heat sink has been investigated using R-123 as the working fluid. Two-phase frictional multipliers have been obtained over mass fluxes from 976 to 2349 kg/m2. It has been found that the two-phase frictional multiplier is strongly dependent on flow pattern. The theoretical prediction using Martinelli parameter based on the laminar fluid and laminar gas flow represented the experimental data fairly well for the spray-annular flow. For the bubbly and wavy-intermittent flow, however, large deviations from the experimental data were recorded. The Martinelli parameter was used successfully to determine the flow patterns, which were bubbly, wavy-intermittent, and spray-annular flow in the current study

On the K-Ring of the Classifying Space of the Generalized Quaternion Group

We describe the K-ring of the classifying space of the generalized quaternion group in terms of generators and the minimal set of relations. We also compute the order of the main generator in the truncated rings.Comment: 4 pages, mistakes correcte

A Method for Current Control of the Flywheel Energy Storage System Used in Satellites

Satellites have a dark region and a bright region in their orbit path. The flywheel energy storage unit is an electric energy provider for a satellite in the dark region. Brushless dc motors (BLDC) are used in the flywheel energy storage unit. The current surge of the BLDC motors is an undesirable situation for solar panels which are used in the satellite motion systems and satellite power systems. Therefore, the current reference method (CRM) is preferred in these systems. The setting of the controller parameters (proportional (P), integral (I) and derivative (D) ) is an important problem for the control of the BLDC motor current. Optimum performance cannot be obtained by the calculation of PID parameters using conventional methods. In recent years, hybrid genetic algorithms (GA) are used in the solution of complex problems. In this study, a CRM method was proposed to protect the satellite power system and solar panels. The defined block diagram for the CRM method was used to control the current of the BLDC. In order to calculate conventional method and hybrid GA-based method, the performance of the PID controllers was compared by using MATLAB/SimPowerSystem blocks

Use of a local anesthetic and opioid combination in spinal anesthesia in short urologic surgeries

Background: To investigate how low-dose levobupivacaine affects both surgical comfort and hemodynamics in patients undergoing short urologic procedures using spinal anesthesia.Methods: Our study was conducted prospectively and double-blind. The study group comprised 40 patients aged 18-65 years from the ASA I-III risk group who had undergone short urological interventions, randomly split into two groups. Informed consent and ethics committee approval were received. Using a media approach and placed in the lateral decubitus position, the patients were given spinal anesthesia using 22 G catheter. Group L was given 1.5ml of levobupivacaine (7.5mg) at 0.5% concentration +0.5ml of saline. Group LF was given 1.2ml levobupivacaine (6mg) at 0.5% concentration +25μg fentanyl (0.5ml) +0.3ml saline. Patient data including peripheral oxygen saturation; systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure; time to first postoperative need for analgesics, and spinal block characteristics were recorded at 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 360minutes after spinal anesthesia.Results: No significant differences were observed in the demographic and hemodynamic data between groups. Motor blocks were seen to wear off more in Group LF than in Group L at 120minutes. Group LF required first postoperative analgesics later than Group L; this difference was not significant.Conclusions: Sufficient anesthesia was achieved in both groups via spinal block using local anesthetic or local anesthetic plus opioid for relatively short urological procedures. The latter group recovered faster

Anticholinesterases

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are known serine hydrolase enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh). Although the role of AChE in cholinergic transmission is well known, the role of BChE has not been elucidated sufficiently. The hydrolysis of acetylcholine in the synaptic healthy brain cells is mainly carried out by AChE; it is accepted that the contribution to the hydrolysis of BChE is very low, but both AChE and BChE are known to play an active role in neuronal development and cholinergic transmission. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a muscle disease characterized by weakness in skeletal muscles and rapid fatigue. Anticholinesterases, which are not only related to the immune origin of the disease but also have only symptomatic benefit, have an indispensable role in the treatment of MG. Pyridostigmine, distigmine, neostigmine, and ambenonium are the standard anticholinesterase drugs used in the symptomatic treatment of MG. All of these compounds may increase the response of the myasthenic muscle to recurrent nerve impulses, primarily by protecting the endogenous ACh