Relação dos indicadores de habilidade e experiência do paraquedismo esportivo militar com o estado psicológico e desempenho em competição de saltadores de elite

Multiple variables must be considered when talking about sports performance. Among them, the literature establishes the importance of psychology and indicator techniques of experience acquired in the discipline. This study aims to establish the relationship between certain constructs that define the psychological profile of the athlete with skill indicators in military parachuting. For this, 42 jumpers aged 40.86 years old (±7.35) belonging to the Spanish army and the civil guard during the celebration of the National Military Championship of Skydiving which is held annually surveyed to know their level of optimism, resilience, psychological well-being, and burnout. It is concluded that the years of skydiving experience and the number of jumps, as indicators of skill, must be taken into account with a higher level of concreteness and specificity since certain psychological variables can increase or decrease depending on them. It is convenient to study each case, in particular, to understand what can happen in the state of the parachutist and develop strategies for optimizing sports performance.Se deben considerar múltiples variables cuando se habla de rendimiento deportivo. Entre ellas, la literatura establece la importancia de la psicología y las técnicas indicadoras de la experiencia adquirida en la disciplina. Este estudio pretende establecer la relación entre determinados constructos que definen el perfil psicológico del deportista con indicadores de habilidad en paracaidismo militar. Para ello, se encuestó a 42 saltadores de 40,86 años (±7,35) pertenecientes al ejército español y a la guardia civil durante la celebración del Campeonato Nacional Militar de paracaidismo que se celebra anualmente, para conocer su nivel de optimismo, resiliencia, bienestar psicológico y burnout. Se concluye que los años de experiencia en paracaidismo y el número de saltos, como indicadores de habilidad, deben ser tomados en cuenta con un mayor nivel de concreción y especificidad, ya que ciertas variables psicológicas pueden aumentar o disminuir dependiendo de ellas. Conviene estudiar cada caso en particular para comprender qué puede ocurrir en el estado del paracaidista y desarrollar estrategias para optimizar el rendimiento deportivo.Múltiplas variáveis ​​devem ser consideradas quando se fala em desempenho desportivo. Eentre eles, a literatura estabelece a importância da psicologia e das técnicas indicadoras da experiência adquirida na disciplina. Este estudo visa estabelecer a relação entre determinados constructos que definem o perfil psicológico do atleta com indicadores de habilidade no paraquedismo militar. Para tal, foram inquiridos 42 saltadores com 40,86 anos (±7,35) pertencentes ao exército espanhol e à guarda civil durante a celebração do Campeonato Nacional Militar de paraquedismo que se realiza anualmente para conhecer o seu nível de optimismo, resiliência, bem-estar psicológico  e esgotamento. Conclui-se que os anos de experiência em paraquedismo e o número de saltos, como indicadores de habilidade, devem ser levados em consideração com maior grau de  especificidade, pois certas variáveis ​​psicológicas podem aumentar ou diminuir. É conveniente estudar cada caso em particular para entender o que pode acontecer no estado do paraquedista e desenvolver estratégias para otimizar o desempenho esportivo

Relação dos indicadores de habilidade e experiência do paraquedismo esportivo militar com o estado psicológico e desempenho em competição de saltadores de elite

Se deben considerar múltiples variables cuando se habla de rendimiento deportivo. Entre ellas, la literatura establece la importancia de la psicología y las técnicas indicadoras de la experiencia adquirida en la disciplina. Este estudio pretende establecer la relación entre determinados constructos que definen el perfil psicológico del deportista con indicadores de habilidad en paracaidismo militar. Para ello, se encuestó a 42 saltadores de 40,86 años (±7,35) pertenecientes al ejército español y a la guardia civil durante la celebración del Campeonato Nacional Militar de paracaidismo que se celebra anualmente, para conocer su nivel de optimismo, resiliencia, bienestar psicológico yburnout. Se concluye que los años de experiencia en paracaidismo y el número de saltos, como indicadores de habilidad, deben ser tomados en cuenta con un mayor nivel de concreción y especificidad, ya que ciertas variables psicológicas pueden aumentar o disminuir dependiendo de ellas. Conviene estudiar cada caso en particular para comprender qué puede ocurrir en el estado del paracaidista y desarrollar estrategias para optimizar el rendimiento deportivoMultiple variables must be considered when talking about sports performance. Among them, the literature establishes the importance of psychology and indicator techniques of experience acquired in the discipline. This study aims to establish the relationship between certain constructs that define the psychological profile of the athlete with skill indicators in military parachuting. For this, 42 jumpers aged 40.86 years old (±7.35) belonging to the Spanish army and the civil guard during the celebration of the National Military Championship of Skydiving which is held annually surveyed to know their level of optimism, resilience, psychological well-being, and burnout. It is concluded that the years of skydiving experience and the number of jumps, as indicators of skill, must be taken into account with a higher level of concreteness and specificity since certain psychological variables can increase or decrease depending on them. It is convenient to study each case, in particular, to understand what can happen in the state of the parachutist and develop strategies for optimizing sports performance.Múltiplas variáveis devemser consideradas quando se fala em desempenho desportivo. Eentre eles, a literatura estabelece a importância da psicologia e das técnicas indicadoras daexperiência adquirida na disciplina. Este estudo visa estabelecer a relaçãoentre determinados constructos que definem o perfil psicológico do atleta com indicadores de habilidade no paraquedismo militar. Para tal, foram inquiridos 42 saltadores com 40,86anos (±7,35) pertencentes ao exército espanhol e à guarda civil durante a celebração do Campeonato Nacional Militar de paraquedismo que se realiza anualmente para conhecer o seu nível de optimismo, resiliência, bem-estar psicológicoe esgotamento. Conclui-se que os anos de experiência em paraquedismo e o número de saltos, como indicadores de habilidade, devem ser levados em consideração com maior grau deespecificidade, pois certas variáveis psicológicas podem aumentar ou diminuir. É conveniente estudar cada caso em particular para entender o que pode acontecer no estado do paraquedista e desenvolver estratégias para otimizar o desempenho esportivo

Fall risk detection mechanism in the elderly, based on electromyographic signals, through the use of artificial intelligence

Introduction: The tests used to classify older adults at risk of falls are questioned in literature. Tools from the field of artificial intelligence are an alternative to classify older adults more precisely. Objective: To identify the risk of falls in the elderly through electromyographic signals of the lower limb, using tools from the field of artificial intelligence. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. The unit of analysis was made up of 32 older adults (16 with and 16 without risk of falls). The electrical activity of the lower limb muscles was recorded during the functional walking gesture. The cycles obtained were divided into training and validation sets, and then from the amplitude variable, select attributes using the Weka software. Finally, the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier was implemented. Results: A classifier of two classes (elderly adults with and without risk of falls) based on SVM was built, whose performance was: Kappa index 0.97 (almost perfect agreement strength), sensitivity 97%, specificity 100%. Conclusions: The SVM artificial intelligence technique applied to the analysis of lower limb electromyographic signals during walking can be considered a precision tool of diagnostic, monitoring and follow-up for older adults with and without risk of falls

Fall risk detection mechanism in the elderly, based on electromyographic signals, through the use of artificial intelligence

Introduction: The tests used to classify older adults at risk of falls are questioned in literature. Tools from the field of artificial intelligence are an alternative to classify older adults more precisely. Objective: To identify the risk of falls in the elderly through electromyographic signals of the lower limb, using tools from the field of artificial intelligence. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. The unit of analysis was made up of 32 older adults (16 with and 16 without risk of falls). The electrical activity of the lower limb muscles was recorded during the functional walking gesture. The cycles obtained were divided into training and validation sets, and then from the amplitude variable, select attributes using the Weka software. Finally, the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier was implemented. Results: A classifier of two classes (elderly adults with and without risk of falls) based on SVM was built, whose performance was: Kappa index 0.97 (almost perfect agreement strength), sensitivity 97%, specificity 100%. Conclusions: The SVM artificial intelligence technique applied to the analysis of lower limb electromyographic signals during walking can be considered a precision tool of diagnostic, monitoring and follow-up for older adults with and without risk of falls

Use of the Wii Balance Board as a mechanism for recognition and classification of the risk of falls in older adults

ntroducción: En la práctica clínica las pruebas funcionales utilizadas para evaluar el riesgo de caídasrequieren de técnicas y elementos de precisión que eviten la subjetividad. El uso de la Wii Balance Board(WBB) es una alternativa ante lo expuesto, ya que es una herramienta económica,portátil y que permite extraer variables que se relacionan con el fenómeno en estudio.Objetivo: Clasificar las variables derivadas del centro de presión (CoP)durante la evaluación del control posturalpor medio de la WBB, en adultos mayores con y sin riesgo de caídas.Métodos: Se utilizó un diseñode investigación descriptivo. Se estudió a 40 adultos mayores, 20 con y 20 sin riesgo de caídas. El control postural fue evaluado mediante la WBB, extrayendo variables cinéticas y cinemáticas, que permitieron implementar un selector de atributos y el algoritmo SVM (SVMs, del inglés Support Vector Machines), identificando a los adultos mayorescon riesgo de caídas.Resultados: Las variables que mejor permiten clasificar a los adultos mayorescon y sin riesgo de caídafueronla velocidad, desplazamiento y fuerza media. Se construyó un clasificador de dos clases, cuyo mejor desempeño fueelíndice Kappa0,95(fuerza de concordancia casi perfecta),sensibilidad 98%, y especificidad 100%.Conclusiones: El uso de WBB puede ser considerada una alternativa de bajo costo para la evaluación del riesgo de caídasen adultos mayores.Introduction:In clinical practice, the functional tests used to assess the risk of falls require precision techniques and elements that avoid subjectivity. The use of the Wii Balance Board (WBB) is an alternative to the above, since it is an inexpensive, portable toolthat allows extracting variables that are related to the phenomenon under study.Objective:To classify the variables derived from the center of pressure (CoP) during the evaluation of postural control through the WBB, in older adults with and without risk of falls.Methods:A descriptive research design was used. A total of 40 older adults were studied, 20 with and 20 without risk of falls. Postural control was evaluated using the WBB, extracting kinetic and kinematic variables, which allowed the implementation of an attribute selector and the SVM algorithm (SVMs, Support Vector Machines), identifying older adults at risk of falls.Results:The variables that best allow us to classify older adults with and without risk of falling were speed, displacement and mean force. A two-class classifier was built, whose best performance was the Kappa index 0.95 (almost perfect agreement strength), 98% sensitivity, and 100% specificity.Conclusions:The use of WBB can be considered a low-cost alternative for the evaluation of the risk of falls in older adults

Uso de la Wii Balance Board como mecanismo de reconocimiento y clasificación del riesgo de caídas en el adulto mayor

Introduction: In clinical practice, the functional tests used to assess the risk of falls require precision techniques and elements that avoid subjectivity. The use of the Wii Balance Board (WBB) is an alternative to the above, since it is an inexpensive, portable tool that allows extracting variables that are related to the phenomenon under study.Objective: To classify the variables derived from the center of pressure (CoP) during the evaluation of postural control through the WBB, in older adults with and without risk of falls.Methods: A descriptive research design was used. A total of 40 older adults were studied, 20 with and 20 without risk of falls. Postural control was evaluated using the WBB, extracting kinetic and kinematic variables, which allowed the implementation of an attribute selector and the SVM algorithm (SVMs, Support Vector Machines), identifying older adults at risk of falls.Results: The variables that best allow us to classify older adults with and without risk of falling were speed, displacement and mean force. A two-class classifier was built, whose best performance was the Kappa index 0.95 (almost perfect agreement strength), 98% sensitivity, and 100% specificity.Conclusions: The use of WBB can be considered a low-cost alternative for the evaluation of the risk of falls in older adults.  Introducción: En la práctica clínica las pruebas funcionales utilizadas para evaluar el riesgo de caídas requieren de técnicas y elementos de precisión que eviten la subjetividad. El uso de la Wii Balance Board (WBB) es una alternativa ante lo expuesto, ya que es una herramienta económica, portátil y que permite extraer variables que se relacionan con el fenómeno en estudio. Objetivo: Clasificar las variables derivadas del centro de presión (CoP) durante la evaluación del control postural por medio de la WBB, en adultos mayores con y sin riesgo de caídas. Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño de investigación descriptivo. Se estudió a 40 adultos mayores, 20 con y 20 sin riesgo de caídas. El control postural fue evaluado mediante la WBB, extrayendo variables cinéticas y cinemáticas, que permitieron implementar un selector de atributos y el algoritmo SVM (SVMs, del inglés Support Vector Machines), identificando a los adultos mayores con riesgo de caídas. Resultados: Las variables que mejor permiten clasificar a los adultos mayores con y sin riesgo de caída fueron la velocidad, desplazamiento y fuerza media. Se construyó un clasificador de dos clases, cuyo mejor desempeño fue el índice Kappa 0,95 (fuerza de concordancia casi perfecta), sensibilidad 98%, y especificidad 100%. Conclusiones: El uso de WBB puede ser considerada una alternativa de bajo costo para la evaluación del riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores

Effect of therapeutic exercise on joint range and strength in throwing athletes with dyskinesia. A systematic review

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos del ejercicio terapéutico (ET) sobre los cambios de rangos de movimiento (ROM) y la fuerza muscular (FM) en deportistas lanzadores que presentan disquinesia escapular (DE). Se realizó la búsqueda en Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect de los últimos cinco años según la metodología PRISMA, considerando estudios que describieran los efectos de los programas de ejercicio terapéutico en rango articular y fuerza muscular de deportistas lanzadores. Se incluyeron un total de seis artículos relacionado con deportistas lanzadores con disquinesia escapular. Se encontraron resultados favorables dentro de las intervenciones que contaban con ET, el cual obtuvo un efecto significativo en las variables de ROM y fuerza muscular en deportistas lanzadores. En conclusión, los ejercicios de estiramientos terapéuticos son la herramienta más favorable y eficaz frente a cualquier otro tipo de intervención, teniendo un efecto sobre la FM y el ROM de los atletas lanzadores, ayudando así a su rendimiento competitivo.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using therapeutic exercise (TE) on changes in the range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength (MS) in throwing athletes with scapular dyskinesis (SD).A systematic review was carried out in databases (Pubmed, Scopus, WoS, ScienceDirect) over the last five years, searching for randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, meta-analyses and concept reviews that met the inclusion, exclusion, and methodological quality criteria.A total of six articles related to throwing athletes with scapular dyskinesia were included. Favorable results were found within the interventions that included TE, which obtained a significant effect on the variables of ROM and muscle strength in throwing athletes.In conclusion,therapeutic stretching exercises are the most favorable and effective tool compared to any other type of intervention, having an effect on the MS and ROM of throwing athletes, thus helping their competitive performance

Efecto del ejercicio terapéutico sobre rango articular y fuerza muscular en deportistas lanzadores con disquinesia. Una revisión sistemática

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using therapeutic exercise (TE) on changes in the range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength (MS) in throwing athletes with scapular dyskinesis (SD). A systematic review was carried out in databases (Pubmed, Scopus, WoS, ScienceDirect) over the last five years, searching for randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, meta-analyses and concept reviews that met the inclusion, exclusion, and methodological quality criteria. A total of six articles related to throwing athletes with scapular dyskinesia were included. Favorable results were found within the interventions that included TE, which obtained a significant effect on the variables of ROM and muscle strength in throwing athletes. In conclusion, therapeutic stretching exercises are the most favorable and effective tool compared to any other type of intervention, having an effect on the MS and ROM of throwing athletes, thus helping their competitive performance.El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos del ejercicio terapéutico (ET) sobre los cambios de rangos de movimiento (ROM) y la fuerza muscular (FM) en deportistas lanzadores que presentan disquinesia escapular (DE). Se realizó la búsqueda en Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect de los últimos cinco años según la metodología PRISMA, considerando estudios que describieran los efectos de los programas de ejercicio terapéutico en rango articular y fuerza muscular de deportistas lanzadores. Se incluyeron un total de seis artículos relacionado con deportistas lanzadores con disquinesia escapular. Se encontraron resultados favorables dentro de las intervenciones que contaban con ET, el cual obtuvo un efecto significativo en las variables de ROM y fuerza muscular en deportistas lanzadores. En conclusión, los ejercicios de estiramientos terapéuticos son la herramienta más favorable y eficaz frente a cualquier otro tipo de intervención, teniendo un efecto sobre la FM y el ROM de los atletas lanzadores, ayudando así a su rendimiento competitivo

Effects of a Self-Regulated Training Program on the Repeated Power in Female College Handball Players: An Intervention Study

Several resistance training programs using conventional methodologies have been implemented with the purpose of improving the ability to perform power actions in handball, especially during the competitive season. In contrast, methodologies based on a contemporary perspective, which considers the human being as a self-regulating biological entity, and designed specifically for female college players, are scarce. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of an eight-week resistance training program, in which the athletes were able to control the loads according to their self-perceived effort and rest on their repeated shuttle sprint and jump ability. The sample was composed of 16 female players of a handball team from the faculty of physics and mathematics sciences of a Chilean university. The RSSJA test was used to evaluate players’ conditions pre- and post-training program, and the self-perceived effort scale called OMNI-RES was used for the prediction and control of loads. Results indicated that, after the application of an eight-week resistance training program, significant improvements p ≤ 0.05 on the jump height (pre: 1836.4 W; average post: 2088.9 W) and running speed (average pre: 3.2 m/s; average post: 4.0 m/s) were obtained, as well as a significant reduction in the loss of power and speed between each set of the applied test

Reference Values of Absolute and Relative Handgrip Strength in Chilean Schoolchildren with Intellectual Disabilities

Handgrip strength is a simple measure of general muscle strength and is related to functionality in people with intellectual disabilities. The objective of this research was to describe the normative values of absolute and relative handgrip strength in children, adolescents and adults according to sex. The sample was made up of 264 schoolchildren (n = 168 men) belonging to five special education schools in Santiago of Chile. The results show higher levels of absolute handgrip strength in males compared to females. The maximum peak of the absolute manual handgrip is reached in females in adolescence with a decrease in adulthood. Relative handgrip strength levels are similar in boys and girls. In females, the relative handgrip strength is similar in childhood and adolescence. Relative handgrip strength declines in both sexes from adolescence to adulthood. The reference values of this study can be used by professionals in the areas of health and education as a guide for interpretation, monitoring and follow-up of Chilean schooled people with intellectual disabilities