An Extended View of the Temporal Dynamics of Caspase Activity During the Extrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis in Jurkat T-Lymphocytes

Apoptosis, a process in which a cell systematically triggers its own death in response to DNA damage or external stimuli, is widely utilized in the body to maintain a homeostatic quantity of cells. Malfunctions in this process can result in numerous consequences, particularly tumor development. For a cell to undergo apoptosis, there are two major pathways, dependent upon the method of induction: the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. The goal of this research is to elucidate the temporal dynamics of apoptosis in Jurkat T-lymphocytes with respect to caspase activity in the extrinsically-activated pathway, using fluorescence microscopy. Microfluidic devices were fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and contained an antibody-coated channel. The devices were used for cellular capture of the lymphocytes to trap and observe cells in a controlled, sustainable- environment for a given duration. The antibody coated in the channel, anti-CD95, induces apoptosis through Fas receptor binding. The result of the antibody binding is the activation of a caspase enzyme, creating a destructive caspase cascade. General caspase activation was visualized over a 9-hour period with the fluorogenic caspase probe L-bisaspartic acid Rhodamine 110 (D2R). Derivatives of the fluorogenic probe containing sequences to specific caspases were used to monitor the first and last caspases to be activated in the apoptotic pathway. The derivative (IETD)2R was used to monitor the primary initiator caspase activation (caspase-8) and the (DEVD)2R for executioner caspase activation (caspase-3). The overall average caspase activity began 2.4 ± 0.6 hours post-induction and lasted 360 ± 60 minutes, caspase-8 activity was shown to start 1.8 ± 0.8 hours after induction and remain active for 120 ± 40 minutes, and caspase-3 activity started 5.2 ± 1.0 hours after induction, lasting 130 ± 60 minutes. Timing of caspase activation is an important field of study as it could be helpful in designing apoptosis-targeted therapies

No Lectures, No Demos, No Tests! How to Succeed in the Classroom without Even (Doing What You Thought Was) Teaching

“Less is more” is the oft heard rallying cry in library instruction. But how does this apply to a credit bearing information literacy course? Less what? And how do you decide? Learn how to encourage deeper learning and make your class more meaningful by replacing lectures, demos and tests with activities, practice and feedback. Cognitive development studies show that traditional teaching techniques aren’t as affective with today’s undergraduates. This presentation reveals how backwards course development and authentic assessment can successfully re-focus and strengthen an overstuffed course

Meeting of the Board of Regents of the Holland Academy

Dr. Albertus C. Van Raalte was present at this meeting of the Board of Regents of the Holland Academy on this date. Since the Board was in debt, it simply not accept any students who depended on the Board for financing their education. All students will need to fund the purchase of their books now.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1860s/1117/thumbnail.jp

The Minutes of the School Board of the Holland Academy

In the minutes of the School Board of the Holland Academy, among those present were Rev. Philip Phelps Jr. and Dr. Albertus C. Van Raalte. Article 2 reads as follows: The minutes of the former meeting were read and approved. It was resolved to change the heading in naming the Board, School Board of the Holland Academy. --Being the nature of the Board solely a Classical Committee to manage the finds, relating to the Academy, of Classis Holland and Wisconsin. This board will not be overseeing the developing college since another board has been appointed and has that obligation. [Unfortunately, the minutes of the new board, the Board of Superintendents, are not known to exist at this point. E.J.B. 26 April 2007.] These particular minutes are important because all the students in the academy are named individually. No first names are given, however. Forty two students are listed. The board voted to call Rev. Peter J. Oggel, pastor of the First Reformed Church, Pella, Iowa, [and son-in-law of Van Raalte] as a teacher in the academy at a salary of $400 per year.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1860s/1168/thumbnail.jp

Report of the Holland Classis Appeared in the Christian Intelligencer

On this date, a report on the Holland Classis appeared in The Christian Intelligencer. The meeting was held in Grand Haven Michigan; Rev. Albertus C. Van Raalte presided. The reports of the churches were generally encouraging, though no special revival could be named. Rev. John Van Vleck\u27s membership was transferred to the Classis of Kingston. Elder J. [Van] de Luyster of Zeeland reported that ten families had lost their possessions in the recent fire and Christian sympathy was commended to the congregations who were directed to take offerings for them.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1860s/1063/thumbnail.jp

The Minutes of the Board of Regents of the Holland Academy

In the minutes of the Board of Regents of the Holland Academy of this date, the following members of the board were present: Rev. Philip Phelps Jr., Rev. Giles Vander Wall, Dr. Albertus C. Van Raalte, Rev. G. J. Nykerk, Rev. Herman Stobbelaar, and Rev. Adrian Zwemer, ministers; and Teunis Keppel, G. Huiser and G. Wilterdink, elders. A student was dismissed; the father of another informed the board that he could cover his son\u27s expenses. Peter and William Moerdyk were advised to request the Classis to give a recommendation to the Board of Education of the denomination for support. The two boys were entering the freshmen class.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1860s/1090/thumbnail.jp

Meeting of the School Board of the Holland Academy

At this meeting of the School Board of the Holland Academy, attendance was good and attendees included Rev. Philip Phelps Jr. and Dr. Albertus C. Van Raalte. The representative from the Classis of Wisconsin in the person of Rev. Seine Bolks from Roseland, Chicago, was present. These minutes did not copy well due to the color of the paper of the notebook in which the minutes were recorded.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1860s/1232/thumbnail.jp

Meeting of the School Board of the Holland Academy

At this meeting of the School Board of the Holland Academy, the absence of the Wisconsin people was noted because some business of the board was detained due to their absence. Dr. Albertus C. Van Raalte was one of the attendees at this meeting. James Zwemer, son of Rev. Adrian Zwemer, secretary of the board, would now be supported by the board instead of his family because of his father\u27s services to the Classis.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1860s/1214/thumbnail.jp

The Minutes of the Board of Regents of the Holland Academy

In the minutes of the Board of Regents of the Holland Academy of this date, Dr. Albertus C. Van Raalte was present. Rev. G. J. Nykerk was elected chairman. One matter of business was the request of Ale Buursma for some articles of clothing that he was in need of. The long meeting dealt with many student matters.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1860s/1031/thumbnail.jp

Meeting Minutes of the School Board of the Holland Academy

Rev. Philip Phelps Jr. and Dr. Albertus C. Van Raalte were among those present at this session of the School Board of the Holland Academy. Rev. John Mason Ferris of Grand Rapids was also present. Two important guests were also present: a Dr. Taylor, vice president of the Board of Education of the denomination and Rev. John S. See, corresponding secretary of that board. Dr. Taylor may have been Benjamin Cook Taylor, pastor of the Old Bergen Reformed Church of Jersey City, New Jersey, or William James Romeyn Taylor, secretary of the American Bible Society. [See Historical Directory of the Reformed Church in America for details. See also a recognition of W. J. R. Taylor\u27s link with Hope College, Minutes of the General Synod, 1892, p. 524.] The visitors were present to acquire more intimate knowledge of the prospects and affairs of the Holland Academy, inquired after the Nature, power and some of the proceeding of the present School Board of the Holland Academy, concerning which there seemed to be some ignorance or misunderstanding. Both Van Raalte and Phelps spoke to the issues and apparently the visitors were satisfied with the information with which they were provided.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/vrp_1860s/1175/thumbnail.jp