Data_Sheet_3_Gut yeast diversity of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under different dietary conditions.PDF

Yeast is one of the important symbiotic flora in the insect gut. However, little is known about the gut yeast in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under various dietary conditions. The composition and function of the intestinal yeast community also remain unclear. In this research, we explored the composition of yeast microorganisms in H. armigera larvae under different feeding environments, including apple, pear, tomato, artificial diet (laboratory feeding), Urtica fissa, Helianthus annuus, and Zinnia elegans (wild environment) using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that a total of 43 yeast OTU readings were obtained, comprising 33 yeast genera and 42 yeast species. The yeast genera with a total content of more than 5% were Hanseniaspora (36.27%), Moesziomyces (21.47%), Trichosporon (16.20%), Wickerhamomyces (12.96%) and Pichia (6.38%). Hanseniaspora was predominant when fed indoors with fruits, whereas Moesziomyces was only detected in the wild group (Urtica fissa, Helianthus annuus, Zinnia elegans) and the artificial diet group. After transferring the larvae from artificial diet to apple, pear and tomato, the composition of intestinal yeast community changed, mainly reflected in the increased relative abundance of Hanseniaspora and the decreased abundance of Trichosporon. Simultaneously, the results of α diversity index indicated that the intestinal yeast microbial diversity of H. armigera fed on wild plants was higher than that of indoor artificial feeding. PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis concluded that there were significant differences in the gut yeast composition of H. armigera larvae on different diets. Our results confirmed that gut yeast communities of H. armigera can be influenced by host diets and may play an important role in host adaptation.</p

Data_Sheet_2_Gut yeast diversity of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under different dietary conditions.CSV

Yeast is one of the important symbiotic flora in the insect gut. However, little is known about the gut yeast in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under various dietary conditions. The composition and function of the intestinal yeast community also remain unclear. In this research, we explored the composition of yeast microorganisms in H. armigera larvae under different feeding environments, including apple, pear, tomato, artificial diet (laboratory feeding), Urtica fissa, Helianthus annuus, and Zinnia elegans (wild environment) using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that a total of 43 yeast OTU readings were obtained, comprising 33 yeast genera and 42 yeast species. The yeast genera with a total content of more than 5% were Hanseniaspora (36.27%), Moesziomyces (21.47%), Trichosporon (16.20%), Wickerhamomyces (12.96%) and Pichia (6.38%). Hanseniaspora was predominant when fed indoors with fruits, whereas Moesziomyces was only detected in the wild group (Urtica fissa, Helianthus annuus, Zinnia elegans) and the artificial diet group. After transferring the larvae from artificial diet to apple, pear and tomato, the composition of intestinal yeast community changed, mainly reflected in the increased relative abundance of Hanseniaspora and the decreased abundance of Trichosporon. Simultaneously, the results of α diversity index indicated that the intestinal yeast microbial diversity of H. armigera fed on wild plants was higher than that of indoor artificial feeding. PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis concluded that there were significant differences in the gut yeast composition of H. armigera larvae on different diets. Our results confirmed that gut yeast communities of H. armigera can be influenced by host diets and may play an important role in host adaptation.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Gut yeast diversity of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under different dietary conditions.CSV

Yeast is one of the important symbiotic flora in the insect gut. However, little is known about the gut yeast in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under various dietary conditions. The composition and function of the intestinal yeast community also remain unclear. In this research, we explored the composition of yeast microorganisms in H. armigera larvae under different feeding environments, including apple, pear, tomato, artificial diet (laboratory feeding), Urtica fissa, Helianthus annuus, and Zinnia elegans (wild environment) using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that a total of 43 yeast OTU readings were obtained, comprising 33 yeast genera and 42 yeast species. The yeast genera with a total content of more than 5% were Hanseniaspora (36.27%), Moesziomyces (21.47%), Trichosporon (16.20%), Wickerhamomyces (12.96%) and Pichia (6.38%). Hanseniaspora was predominant when fed indoors with fruits, whereas Moesziomyces was only detected in the wild group (Urtica fissa, Helianthus annuus, Zinnia elegans) and the artificial diet group. After transferring the larvae from artificial diet to apple, pear and tomato, the composition of intestinal yeast community changed, mainly reflected in the increased relative abundance of Hanseniaspora and the decreased abundance of Trichosporon. Simultaneously, the results of α diversity index indicated that the intestinal yeast microbial diversity of H. armigera fed on wild plants was higher than that of indoor artificial feeding. PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis concluded that there were significant differences in the gut yeast composition of H. armigera larvae on different diets. Our results confirmed that gut yeast communities of H. armigera can be influenced by host diets and may play an important role in host adaptation.</p

Microarray-based identification of conserved microRNA from wheat and their expression profiles response to <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>

<div><p></p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play a critical role in many important biological processes of plants. Wheat stripe rust is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat worldwide, yet the roles of wheat miRNAs in response to <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (<i>Pst</i>) are largely unknown. Here, we report a simple array platform that could detect 188 plant miRNAs in 95 miRNAs families from eight plant species. We identified two new members of conserved miRNAs families and five known miRNAs using the platform and RNA gel blot analysis. The transcript accumulation of seven miRNAs was detected in wheat leaves ‘Suwon 11’ inoculated with <i>Pst</i> using stem-loop real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). By analysing their predicted target genes, we discuss and propose the basal roles for miRNAs in the interaction between wheat and <i>Pst</i>, with most of the target genes being stress-related.</p></div

Preserving Cu⁺ Active Sites through Intensified Electron Density for Sustained CO₂ Electroreduction

In the realm of CO2 electroreduction to C2 fuels and feedstocks, copper-based oxides (CuOx) stand out for their exceptional ability to adsorb *CO intermediates. A significant challenge in the use of Cu-based oxide catalysts is the electroreduction-driven transformation of Cu+ species to metallic Cu, predominantly attributed to the direct electron-mediated disruption of Cu–O bonds. Addressing this, our study introduces an approach that enhances the electron density in Cu2O through the integration of MoS2, thereby stabilizing the Cu+ species. This method mitigates the Cu–O bond attack by dispersing the excess electrons, which originate from the external electrode, within the Cu2O. Our composite material, Cu2O-MoS2, demonstrates a 1.9-fold increase in Faraday efficiency for C2H4 production (FEC2H4), achieving 23.3% at −1.3 V vs RHE, and exhibits predominant Cu+ stability compared to pure Cu2O. Both experimental and computational analyses reveal that the lower work function (WF) of MoS2, relative to Cu2O, facilitates electron transfer from MoS2 to Cu2O, consequently augmenting the electron density in Cu2O. This increased electron density provides a protective barrier against electron attacks from the external electrode on the Cu–O bond. Our findings present a strategy for enhancing Cu+ stability, thereby promoting C2H4 production. Furthermore, this research contributes a different insight into the design of selective and stable catalysts for CO2 reduction

Deciphering the Stability Mechanism of Cu Active Sites in CO₂ Electroreduction via Suppression of Antibonding Orbital Occupancy in the O 2p-Cu 3d Hybridization

Copper-based catalysts, hallmarked by their ideal C–C coupling energy facilitated by the symbiotic presence of Cu+ and Cu0 active sites, are poised to revolutionize the selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2H4. Regrettably, these catalysts are beleaguered by the unavoidable diminution of Cu+ to Cu0 during the reaction process, resulting in suboptimal C2H4 yields. To circumvent this limitation, we have judiciously mitigated the antibonding orbital occupancy in the O 2p and Cu+ 3d hybridization by introducing Cu defects into Cu2O, thereby augmenting the Cu–O bond strength to stabilize Cu+ sites and further decipher the stabilization mechanism of Cu+. This structural refinement, illuminated by meticulous DFT calculations, fosters a heightened free energy threshold for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while orchestrating a thermodynamically favorable milieu for enhanced C–C coupling within the Cu-deficient Cu2O (Cuv-Cu2O). Empirically, Cuv-Cu2O has outperformed its pure Cu2O counterpart, exhibiting a prominent C2H4/CO ratio of 1.69 as opposed to 1.01, without conceding significant ground in C2H4 production over an 8 h span at −1.3 V vs RHE. This endeavor not only delineates the critical influence of antibonding orbital occupancy on bond strength and reveals the deep mechanism about Cu+ sites but also charts a pioneering pathway in the realm of advanced materials design