A model of intra-annual flow distribution with scanty observational data

A model of intra-annual (mean annual and mean monthly) flow distribution and methods of its application to reconstructing the zonal runoff in West Siberia Plain are developed with scanty initial information. Analysis of the results shows that the model allows us to satisfactorily describe the observable changes in the total runoff and its groundwater component. The observed increase in the groundwater levels in the taiga zone of Western Siberia may occur even with decreasing annual precipitation. Increasing air temperature at the beginning and end of the winter period leads to an increase in the underground runoff. In addition, during the winter period the average air temperature increases and, as a consequence, the soil ice content decreases and the filtration properties of the soil increase

A model of intra-annual flow distribution with scanty observational data

A model of intra-annual (mean annual and mean monthly) flow distribution and methods of its application to reconstructing the zonal runoff in West Siberia Plain are developed with scanty initial information. Analysis of the results shows that the model allows us to satisfactorily describe the observable changes in the total runoff and its groundwater component. The observed increase in the groundwater levels in the taiga zone of Western Siberia may occur even with decreasing annual precipitation. Increasing air temperature at the beginning and end of the winter period leads to an increase in the underground runoff. In addition, during the winter period the average air temperature increases and, as a consequence, the soil ice content decreases and the filtration properties of the soil increase

Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments in Small Mountain Rivers (Altai, the Russian Federation)

The article deals with the chemical composition of bottom sediments in the small mountain rivers Aktru, Tyute, and Uznezya (Altai, Russia). It is established that as compared to small and middle plain rivers in Taiga zone, Siberia bottom sediments of the Aktru River contain less amount of K, Na, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Al, Si, Ti, Sr, approximately the same - Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb and more - As, Ca, Mg. It is suggested that there is a sharp increase of relative Al, Na, K and Si shares from the upland to lowland due to both weathering products accumulation of primary alumosilicates in bottom sediments and export of Ca and Mg from them when dissolving carbonate minerals. Composition transformations of bottom sediments is non-linear and considerably depends on composition of underlying and water-bearing rocks and water exchange intensity that manages time, conditions, and stages of interactions in "water - organic matter - rock" system

Conditions of contaminant distribution in the wetland water of Western Siberia (the Russian Federation)

The models of pollutants' distribution in the wetland waters of Western Siberia (Tomsk Oblast, Russia) have been considered. The models' application allows describing the observed changes in the chemical composition of active layer of wetland waters with satisfactory accuracy. With these models, the most significant impact of sewage discharge on the local wetland water composition is observed in wetland edge area of up to 150–300 m in width. Even in this area it is possible to minimize the impact of sewage discharge on the wetlands provided the concentration in sewage water is 1.14-1.3 time more than the background concentration

The nonlinear effects based on peat chronology data in paleoclimatic reconstructions

The simplified mathematical model of peat deposits growth is suggested based on assuming the swamp is a thermodynamics system Its validation was performed according to the data of the swamps in Siberia It is shown that the peat deposits growth is nonlinear related to climate change Therefore, for the appropriate methods applying in paleoclimatic reconstructions is expedient to establish the optimal values of functioning particular bio- and ecosystem in natural conditions that determine the most probable existence of life forms of biological species

Changes in chemical composition of drilling waste water in taiga zone of Western Siberia (the Russian Federation) on the basis of thermodynamic approach

Condition and process change modeling of chemical composition of liquid drilling wastes has been performed in waste pits located in the boggy areas of Western Siberia. Dissolved substance migration and waste water saturation indexes were calculated in relation to a number of minerals and organic-mineral compounds. It was shown that reclamation of disturbed land can be made with the use of substrate produced by mixing liquid drilling wastes, high-bog (mostly at a technical stage) and low-bog (for forest reclamation) peats

Basin Model of Total Dissolved Salts Transformation in Water of a Small River (the Kirgizka River, Tomsk, Russia)

The basin model of total dissolved salt transformation in river water has been developed. It was tested in the Kirgizka River, the right tributary of the Tom River (Russia, Western Siberia, Tomsk). It was shown that the river system has the capacity of selfpurification and is characterized by rather stable salt composition. It is explained by the fact that the growth in dissolved salt concentration in river water is limited to some extent by, firstly, dilution of more mineralized groundwaters drained by rivers, and, secondly, relatively low solubility of some compounds

Water–rock interaction within the oligotrophic peat bog (part of the Vasyugan Swamp, Western Siberia)

Geochemical conditions of the formation of various minerals were studied within the oligotrophic pine-shrub and sphagnum peat bog. It was shown that at least two complex barriers function within the peat deposit. These barriers correspond to the changes in the advective and diffusion transfer of substances and promote the immobilization of Fe and a number of other chemical elements. The upper complex geochemical (redox, sulfide and sorption) barrier occurs approximately at the depths of 0.40 to 1.25 m. The lower complex geochemical (alkaline and sorption) and mechanical barriers are located at the bottom part of the peat deposit (the depth of 2.25–2.50 m)

Assessment methodology for the backwater levels caused by ice jams: a case study of the rivers of Tom and Chulym (the Ob River drainage basin, Western Siberia, Russia)

The article presents an assessment methodology for backwater levels caused by break-up or freeze-up ice jams. Ice jam induced backwater effects reflect changes in water and ice balance in a stream reach. The balance, in turn, depends on the ratio of thermal and dynamic factors of ice events formation. The methodology based on a scheme of jammed river longitudinal profile has been proposed and tested using the observation data on the rivers of Tom and Chulym, and it has been shown that the accuracy of assessment is around 2–12% of the measured values

Microbiological composition of river waters in the Ob' basin (West Siberia) and its associations with hydrochemical indices

Chemical and microbiological composition of the Mid-Ob' and its feeders' waters has been studied. Swampiness of the area is the cause of significant organic and biogenic substance content in streams, and it is also responsible for a large variety of organotrophic microflora. Microbiological composition of studied streams characterizes them as contaminated. Settlements are the main sources of the investigated area water pollution