Effect of Acupressure on Dyspnea and Fatigue among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading public health concern worldwide. Dyspnea and fatigue considered the most common health problems among the COPD patients. Although pharmacologic management of COPD is of proven benefit, but it does not help all patients, therefore the aim of the current study was to examine the effect of acupressure on dyspnea & fatigue among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methodology: A quazi – experimental design was utilized to accomplish this study, the sample of 40 adult male and female patients were recruited and randomly assigned equally into study or control group, the control group received the traditional management while study group received traditional management plus acupressure, the study conducted at chest unit and two medical units in Kasr Al-Aini hospital. Five tools were utilized to collect data included socio-demographic data sheet, The University of California at San Diego (UCSD) Shortness of Breath Questionnaire, Fatigue severity scale (FSS), respiratory rate and O2 saturation sheet and 6 minute walk distance (6MWD).  Patients in both groups observed for four weeks. Results: The study results concluded that there was a statistical significant difference between study and control group in relation to dyspnea by the end of the 4th week and respiratory rate & oxygen saturation by the end of the 2nd & 4th week. However, there was no statistical significant difference between the two groups in relation to fatigue and 6 MWD test. Conclusion: the study results concluded that acupressure may be effective as an adjuvant therapy to the traditional management for COPD patients to improve dyspnea, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation, while acupressure has no significant effect on fatigue or to improve distance of patients walk. Recommendation:  Prospective study should be designed to determine the stability of the effect of acupressure as an adjuvant to control dyspnea. In addition, further studies may be needed with different acupressure points may be recommended to treat fatigue among those patients. Keywords: acupressure, COPD, fatigue, dyspnea

Preparation and Characterization of novel metal complexes containing hydrazone derived from camphor and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine

Ligand The development of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine with camphor under demonstrated conditions yielded another hydrazone ligand. The structures of metel (II) for example, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc and iron with hydrazone have been composed from reacting between copper bromide, nickel chloride hexahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, zinc chloride, and iron bromide with hydrazone in 1:2 molar ratio. The ligand and their metal complexes have been detached in a solid state. The spectroscopic date of the structures proposes their 1:2 structures which are characterized by CHN, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. From spectroscopic reviews I proposed the octahedral structure for the all structures and the outcomes are spoken to and talked about underneath.

Preparation and Characterization of novel metal complexes containing hydrazone derived from camphor and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine

Ligand The development of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine with camphor under demonstrated conditions yielded another hydrazone ligand. The structures of metel (II) for example, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc and iron with hydrazone have been composed from reacting between copper bromide, nickel chloride hexahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, zinc chloride, and iron bromide with hydrazone in 1:2 molar ratio. The ligand and their metal complexes have been detached in a solid state. The spectroscopic date of the structures proposes their 1:2 structures which are characterized by CHN, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. From spectroscopic reviews I proposed the octahedral structure for the all structures and the outcomes are spoken to and talked about underneath.

EFFECT OF SOME HORMONAL TREATMENTS ON GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RHAPHIOLEPIS UMBELLATA SHRUB

A pot experiment was consummated on Rhaphiolepis umbellata seedlings grown under seran greenhouse at Al-Zohriya Garden, Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt during the two consecutive seasons 2017 and 2018, to study effects of five foliar spray treatments of a mixture containing three growth regulators (PGR), at the same concentration for each, on plant growth and chemical composition. The three-tested PGR were NAA, GA3 and BA, while the five concentrations for each were 0 (control treatment), 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. Obtained results indicated that, generally, all recorded vegetative and root growth traits; i.e., plant height, stem diameter, numbers of branches and number of leaves/plant, leaf area, root length and number of roots/plant increased significantly under the effect of all tested PGR treatments, compared to the control plants. The highest increases in this regard were recorded in plants sprayed with PGR at 200 ppm, while the least values were found in the untreated control plants, followed by plants sprayed with the highest PGR concentration of 400 ppm for the two seasons. The same trend was noticed in respect of leaf chemical constituents, as plants that recorded the highest vegetative and root growth (treated 200 ppm PGR) also contained the highest values of total chlorophyll and carotenoids (mg/g f.w.) as well as percentages oftotal carbohydrate, N, P and K in leaf tissues. Accordingly, it could be recommended to apply the mixture of these three growth regulators 200 ppm on seedlings of Rhaphiolepis umbellata, two times monthly during the growing season to get the best plant growth and quality

Schiff Base [(Z)-2-((2-Aminoethyl)Imino)-1,2-Diphenylethanol)] and Their Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Characterization

The condensation of aliphatic diamine [ethylene diamine] with benzoin under specified conditions yielded a new Schiff base ligand.  The complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and Fe(II) with schiff base compound has been synthesized by the reacting between copper bromide, hydrate nickel chloride, hydrate cobalt chloride, zinc chloride, and iron bromide and schiff base  in 1:2 mole ratio. The free ligands and their metal complexes have been isolated in the solid state. The spectroscopic data of the complexes suggest their 1:2 complexes structures which are investigated by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR  spectroscopy.  The spectroscopic studies suggested the octahedral structure for the all complexes and the results are reported and discussed below.

IN VITRO MULTIPLICATION OF VANGUERIA EDULIS AS AFFECTED BY CYTOKININS AND MEDIUM TYPE

This work was carried out in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt during the period from 2015 to 2017, to investigate the effect of cytokinin type and concentration (BAP, 2-iP and kin, at either 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 ppm) as well as medium type (MS or B5) on micro-shoots multiplication of in vitro cultured rare ornamental plant, Vangueria edulis. Results that were significant could be briefed in the following: the first position was obtained by BAP at 1 ppm in regard to survival %, shoot length and shooting %; BAP at 3 ppm for shoot number, leaf number and shoot length; 2-iP at 1 ppm for shooting %; 2-iP at 2 ppm for shoot length and shooting %; and kinetin at 2 ppm for survival %. Using MS medium gave rise to higher values concerning survival %, shoot number, leaf number, shoot length and shooting % compared to using B5 medium. The highest position was occupied by the combinations between BAP 1 ppm + MS for survival %, shoot number, shoot length and, shooting %; BAP 2 ppm + MS for shoot number; BAP 3 ppm+B5 for shoot number and leaf number; 2-iP 1 ppm + MS for shooting %; 2-iP 2 ppm + MS for shoot number; kinetin at 1 or 3 ppm + MS for shoot length and kinetin 2 ppm + MS for survival % and shoot length. It is recommended to treat in vitro produced micro-shoots of Vangueria edulis with BAP at 1 ppm + MS medium to obtain the highest values during multiplication stage

IMPROVING TOLERABILITY OF TAXODIUM DISTICHUM SEEDLINGS TO WATER SALINITY AND IRRIGATION WATER DEFICIENCY II. EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID ON SALINITY STRESS

This study was carried out at the nursery of Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt in the two years, 2016 and 2017, aiming to investigate the effect of salicylic acid at different level (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/l) on growth and chemical composition of Taxodium distichum under salinity stress at four concentrations (0, 4, 6 and 8 g/l NaCl). The results revealed that, salinity levels significantly decreased growth parameters, i.e. seedlings height, branches number, root length and shoot, root fresh and dry weight. Also salinity decreased total carbohydrate content and total chlorophyll content in leaves. Salicylic acid application significantly increased growth parameters under salinity stress as compared with salinity treatment without salicylic acid application. Application of 0.5 g/l salicylic acid recorded the best results. Also, combinations that occupied the highest position were: salicylic acid at 0.5 g/l with salinity at 4 and 6 g/l for shoot dry weight and root fresh weight; salicylic acid at 0.5 g/l with salinity at 0 g/l for branch number, root length; salicylic acid at 0.5 g/l with salinity at 4 g/l for plant height 2nd year, root dry weight and total chlorophyll content; salicylic acid at 0.5 g/l with salinity at 6 g/l for plant height in the 1st year and root dry weight; salicylic acid at 1.0 g/l with salinity at 0 g/l for branch number in the 1st  and 2nd years and shoot fresh weight; in addition to salicylic acid at 1.0 g/l with salinity at 4 g/l, salicylic acid at 1.5 g/l with salinity at 0 g/l and salicylic acid at 1.5 g/l with salinity at 4 g/l for shoot fresh weight. Combinations that obtained the lowest grade were: salicylic acid at 0 g/l with salinity at 8 g/l for root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, total carbohydrate content and, total chlorophyll content. It is recommended to in case of irrigation water or soils afflicted with salinity, it is advised to apply salicylic acid at 0.5 - 1.5 g/l as to alleviate salinity stress. So that it could be concluded that the addition of 0.5-1.5g/l of salicylic acid are beneficial to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress of T. distichum seedlings

IMPROVING TOLERABILITY OF TAXODIUM DISTICHUM SEEDLINGS TO WATER SALINITY AND IRRIGATION WATER DEFICIENCY I. EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID ON WATER STRESS

This study was carried out at the nursery of Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, Egypt in the two seasons, 2016 and 2017, aiming to investigate the effect of salicylic acid at different level (0, 0.5, and 1.0 g/l) with different levels of field capacity (25,50,75 and 100%) on growth and chemical constituents of Taxodium distichum and also to reduce the amount of water needed for irrigation. Main results of this study could be summarized as follows: The highest value was achieved by the following treatments: salicylic acid at 0 g/l with100% of field capacity level (concerning root fresh and dry weights); salicylic acid at 0.5 g/l with 75% of field capacity level(for plant height, branch number, shoot dry weight, root fresh and dry weights); salicylic acid  at 0.5 g/l with 100% of field capacity level (regarding plant height, branch number and root length); salicylic acid at1.0 g/l with 75% of field capacity level (for plant height, root length and root fresh weight); and salicylic acid at 1.0 g/l with 100% of field capacity level (for shoot fresh weight, total carbohydrate and total chlorophyll). The lowest value was obtained by the following treatments: salicylic acid 0 g/l with 25% of  field capacity level (for plant height, branch number, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh weight, total carbohydrate and total chlorophyll); salicylic acid at 0 g/l with 50% of field capacity level (for plant height and shoot dry weight); salicylic acid at 0.5 g/l with 25% of field capacity level and salicylic acid at 0.5 g/l with 50% of field capacity level (for root fresh weight); salicylic acid at 0.5 g/l with 100% of field capacity level  (for root dry weight); salicylic acid  at 1.0 g/l with 25% of field capacity level (for root length and shoot dry weight); and salicylic acid at 1.0 g/l with 50% of field capacity level (for shoot dry weight). It is recommended to treat plants with salicylic acid at 0.5 g/l and to apply irrigation at 75% of field capacity level capacity to obtain the highest values of plant height, branch number, shoot dry weight, root fresh and dry weights. This will also save as much water as 25% of field capacity level

Behavior of Beam to Column Cold-Formed Section Connections Subjected to Bending Moments

Cold formed sections are often used in the construction of mid-rise buildings due to their high strength weight ratios, and fast erection. In these buildings, the connections between joists and studs are mainly simple connections. However, application of these sections can be extended to moderate span frames where connections between members are subjected to bending moments. Strength and stability of such frames depends to large extent on the behaviour of the connections between their members. Over the last twenty years, several researchers undertake tests on cold formed section connections subjected to bending moments. Major of them classify the connections as semi-rigid, but some suggested that as we reach the maximum capacity of the connected sections so we can consider it rigid