Ressignificação da memória social brasileira em Portugal : indícios e reflexões a partir da exposição [Co]Habitar na Casa da América Latina de Lisboa

Desde fins do século XIX e ao longo do século XX, os caminhos para a construção da identidade nacional brasileira apontaram para vários sentidos, culminando na consolidação de um verdadeiro repositório de símbolos nacionais que pudessem representar aquela sociedade. Entendendo-se que a memória social é uma componente estratégica nesse processo, tanto em nível local quanto global, bem como os equipamentos culturais, que passam a ter um papel fundamental na construção de ideias. Utilizando-se da revisão de literatura científica, visitas ao objeto de estudo - uma delas guiada - e entrevista às curadoras e à uma das artistas que participam da exposição, buscou-se identificar como as obras de Lia Chaia e Andrea Brandão em [Co]Habitar refletem, reforçam ou ressignificam a memória social brasileira que tem sido moldada junto aos processos de construção da identidade nacional. A partir da identificação de diversos pontos de encontro entre os distintos momentos históricos que inflexionaram no processo de construção da identidade brasileira e seu reflexo na produções artísticas das artistas patentes na exposição em questão, foi possível concluir que não só uma ideia de Brasil de outrora se perpetua em um campo subjetivo que inspirou as artistas, mas também a emergência de novas narrativas que têm na problematização social e o questionamento da supremacia cultural Ocidental o seu ponto mais forte.Since the end of the 19th century and throughout the 20th century, the paths to the construction of the Brazilian national identity pointed to several social and cultural directions, culminating in the consolidation of a repository of national symbols that could represent that society, understanding that social memory is a strategic component in this process, both locally and globally, as well as cultural equipments such as museums and art galleries, which have a fundamental role in shaping a subjective field of ideas about societies. A review of the scientific literature, as well as visits to the exhibition [Co]Habitar - one of them guided - and an interview with the curators and one of the artists participating in the exhibition, sought to identify how the works of contemporary art of Lia Chaia and Andrea Brandão featured in the exhibition reflect, reinforce or resignify the Brazilian social memory that has been shaped along the processes of construction of the country's national identity. From the identification of several points of encounter between the different historical moments that influenced the process of construction of the Brazilian national identity and its reflection in the artistic productions of the artists exposed in the exhibition that is the focus of this study, it was possible to conclude that not only a past idea of Brazil perpetuates in the subjective field that inspired artists, but also the emergence of new narratives that have in the social problematization and the questioning of the Western cultural supremacy their strongest point

Estar presente na ausência: a construção semiótica da imigração brasileira recente em Portugal nos média brasileiros

English version: Posch, P., & Cabecinhas, R. (2020). Being present through absence: the semiotic construction of recent Brazilian migration to Portugal in the Brazilian media. Comunicação e Sociedade, 38, 201-217. https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.38(2020).2592Nos últimos anos, o deslocamento de brasileiros para Portugal tem-se intensificado, o que tanto confirma algumas das tendências já apontadas na literatura quanto revela mudanças importantes na configuração deste fenômeno. Paralelamente, é possível observar que estas transformações são acompanhadas de um movimento de diversificação discursiva sobre esse cenário e que acontece em diferentes plataformas mediáticas. No caso da televisão, esses discursos são transmitidos na forma de conteúdos audiovisuais que, mais do que apenas uma linguagem alternativa à escrita, são importantes ferramentas de articulação do conhecimento. Buscando-se entender a abordagem semiótica deste fenômeno nos média brasileiros, foi feita uma análise dos episódios da primeira temporada da série jornalística televisiva Portugal pelos Brasileiros, exibida no Brasil pela Rede Globo de Televisão no início do ano de 2018. Os princípios da Semiótica Social de Gunther Kress e Theo van Leeuwen foram utilizados em uma perspectiva interseccional como ponto de partida para se desvelar de que forma os recursos visuais e sonoros na série e a sua conjugação contribuem para a construção de discursos sobre os novos imigrantes brasileiros em Portugal. Face aos arranjos identificados, concluímos atestando a veiculação de um discurso nos média que privilegia a representação da imigração brasileira recente em Portugal de forma segmentada, dando a conhecer a perspectiva de um grupo específico de imigrantes em detrimento da pluralidade de vozes e experiências inerentes ao fenômeno em questão. Entendemos essa intenção de se separar, por meio do repertório semiótico, as representações dos novos imigrantes brasileiros em Portugal, como parte de estratégias discursivas que terão consequências diretas na vida social destes sujeitos.Over recent years, a rising number of Brazilians have migrated to Portugal. This phenomenon confirms certain trends that have already been identified in the literature while also revealing important changes in its configuration. These transformations are accompanied by a diversification of discourses about the phenomenon, that occurs across different media platforms. In the case of television, the discourses are transmitted in the form of audiovisual content which, more than just being an alternative language to writing, constitutes an important tool for articulating knowledge. In an attempt to understand the semiotic approach towards this fact in the Brazilian media, we decided to analyse all episodes from the first season of the television journalistic series, Portugal pelos Brasileiros (Portugal by Brazilians), broadcast in Brazil by Rede Globo de Televisão in early 2018. The principles of Social Semiotics developed by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen were used from an intersectional perspective as a starting point to unveil how the visual and sound resources used in this series, and the combination thereof, contribute to the construction of discourses about new Brazilian immigrants living in Portugal. In view of the identified arrangements, we conclude that we are facing a media discourse that privileges representation of recent Brazilian immigration in Portugal in a segmented manner, revealing the perspective of one specific group of immigrants, to the detriment of the plurality of voices and experiences that are inherent to the phenomenon as a whole. We view the ongoing intention to separate the representations of the new Brazilian immigrants in Portugal from other representations commonly related to Brazilian migrants from previous migratory waves, through the configuration of new semiotic repertoires to the effect, as a part of broader discursive strategies that might have direct consequences on the social life of the persons in question.Este trabalho recebeu apoio financeiro da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) por meio de Bolsa de Doutoramento (SFRH/BD/137855/2018) atribuída no âmbito do POCH – Programa Operacional Capital Humano. Este trabalho é ainda financiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., no âmbito do projeto UIDB/00736/2020

Images and (in)visibilities: notes on the visualities of Brazilian immigration in Portugal

Los inmigrantes brasileños son actualmente la comunidad de inmigrantes más grande de Portugal. Después de un período de desaceleración de esta ruta migratoria, desde mediados de la segunda década del siglo XXI, los datos estadísticos muestran que el número de entradas de inmigrantes brasileños documentados en Portugal mostró una tendencia de crecimiento. A raíz de este nuevo flujo, que ya ha sido interpretado como una tercera o incluso cuarta ola del flujo migratorio de Brasil a Portugal, se observa, al mismo tiempo, un creciente interés de los medios de comunicación brasileños y portugueses en producir contenido audiovisual en el que se representan estas migraciones y sus sujetos. En este trabajo se incluye, por un lado, el contexto del crecimiento de la inmigración brasileña en Portugal; y por el otro, el creciente interés de los medios de comunicación brasileños y portugueses en explorar el fenómeno. A partir de investigaciones empíricas previas, este artículo ofrece una reflexión más integral sobre la visualidad de los inmigrantes y los procesos migratorios. Así se inserta en un espacio de intersección disciplinar entre los Estudios Culturales, las Ciencias de la Comunicación y la Cultura Visual para discutir algunas tendencias observadas que apoyan las construcciones de la visualidad de los inmigrantes, como el cambio de agencia del discurso visual, la estructuración de las imágenes de acuerdo con los preceptos de visual storytelling y la configuración hiperrealista de las imágenes.Os migrantes brasileiros constituem, atualmente, a maior comunidade migrante em Portugal. Após um período de desaceleração desta rota migratória, a partir de meados da segunda década do Século XXI, os dados estatísticos mostram que o número de entradas de migrantes brasileiros documentados em Portugal começou a apresentar uma tendência de crescimento. Acompanhando esse novo fluxo, que já tem sido interpretado como uma terceira ou mesmo quarta vaga do fluxo migratório do Brasil para Portugal, observa-se, paralelamente, um crescente interesse da mídia brasileira e portuguesa em produzir conteúdos audiovisuais nos quais essas migrações e seus sujeitos são representados. É nesse contexto de crescimento da imigração brasileira em Portugal, por um lado; e o aumento do interesse das mídias brasileiras e portuguesas em explorar o fenômeno, por outro, em que se insere o presente trabalho. A partir de pesquisas empíricas anteriores, este trabalho visa oferecer uma reflexão mais abrangente sobre a visualidade dos migrantes e dos processos migratórios. Nesse sentido, inserindo-se em um espaço de interseção disciplinar entre os Estudos Culturais, as Ciências da Comunicação e a Cultura Visual, este artigo discute algumas tendências observadas e que suportam construções da visualidade dos migrantes, como a mudança de agenciamento do discurso visual, a estruturação das imagens segundo os preceitos do visual storytelling e a configuração hiper-realista das imagens.Brazilian immigrants are nowadays the largest immigrant community in Portugal. Aer a period of deceleration of this migratory route, from the mid-second decade of the 21st century, statistical data show that the number of entries of Brazilian immigrants documented in Portugal began to show a growth trend. Following this new flow, which has already been interpreted as a third or even fourth wave of the migratory flow from Brazil to Portugal, it is observed, at the same time, there is a growing interest of the Brazilian and Portuguese media in producing audiovisual content in which these migrations and their subjects are represented. It is in this context of the growth of Brazilian immigration in Portugal, on the one hand, and the increased interest of the Brazilian and Portuguese media in exploring the phenomenon, on the other, in which this work is included. From previous empirical research, this paper aims to offer a more comprehensive reflection on the visuality of migrants and migratory processes. In this sense, inserting itself in a space of disciplinary intersection between Cultural Studies, Communication Sciences and Visual Culture, this work discusses some observed trends that support constructions of the visuality of migrants, such as the change of agency of visual discourse, the structuring of images according to the precepts of visual storytelling and the hyperrealistic configuration of images.Este trabalho recebeu apoio da FCT — Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., no âmbito do POCH – Programa Operacional Capital Humano (POCH), por meio de uma Bolsa de Doutorado (SFRH/BD/137855/2018) e foi desenvolvido no âmbito do projeto “MigraMediaActs – Migrações, media e ativismos em língua#portuguesa: descolonizar paisagens mediáticas e imaginar futuros alternativos” (PTDC/COM-CSS/3121/2021), financiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT — Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P

Portraits of migration in the Brazilian television series “Portugal pelos Brasileiros”

Neste artigo abordamos a relação entre o discurso midiático e as mi- grações a partir da perspectiva das representações sociais. Analisamos o caso do fluxo de imigração brasileira em Portugal que vem aumentando nos últimos anos, conforme retratado na primeira temporada da série televisiva brasileira “Portugal pelos Brasileiros”. Utilizamos a abordagem da Análise Crítica do Discurso para entender como a significação da experiência migratória está incorporada na série por meio das representações sociais. Como resultado, pudemos identificar que os novos imigrantes brasileiros em Portugal são retratados de maneira parcial e excludente, por meio de um discurso midiático ancorado em traços culturais e socioeconômicos específicos.In this paper, we focus on the relationship between media discourse and migration from the perspective of social representations. We analyze the case of the Brazilian flow in Portugal that has been increasing in recent years, as portrayed in the first season of the Brazilian television series “Portugal pelos Bra-sileiros”. We used the Critical Discourse Analysis approach to understand how the meaning of the migratory experience is incorporated into the series through social representations. As a result, we were able to identify that the new Brazilian immigrants in Portugal are portrayed in a partial and exclusive way, through a media discourse anchored in specific cultural and socioeconomic traits.(undefined

Seasonality of Planktonic Freshwater Ciliates: Are Analyses Based on V9 Regions of the 18S rRNA Gene Correlated With Morphospecies Counts?

Ciliates represent central nodes in freshwater planktonic food webs, and many species show pronounced seasonality, with short-lived maxima of a few dominant taxa while many being rare or ephemeral. These observations are primarily based on morphospecies counting methods, which, however, have limitations concerning the amount and volume of samples that can be processed. For high sampling frequencies at large scales, high throughput sequencing (HTS) of freshwater ciliates seems to be a promising tool. However, several studies reported large discrepancy between species abundance determinations by molecular compared to morphological means. Therefore, we compared ciliate DNA metabarcodes (V9 regions of the 18S rRNA gene) with morphospecies counts for a 3-year study (Lake Zurich, Switzerland; biweekly sampling, n = 74). In addition, we isolated, cultivated and sequenced the 18S rRNA gene of twelve selected ciliate species that served as seeds for HTS analyses. This workflow allowed for a detailed comparison of V9 data with microscopic analyses by quantitative protargol staining (QPS). The dynamics of V9 read abundances over the seasonal cycle corroborated well with morphospecies population patterns. Annual successions of rare and ephemeral species were more adequately characterized by V9 reads than by QPS. However, numbers of species specific sequence reads only partly reflected rank orders seen by counts. In contrast, biomass-based assemblage compositions showed higher similarity to V9 read numbers, probably indicating a relation between cell sizes and numbers / sizes of macronuclei (or 18S rRNA operons). Full-length 18S rRNA sequences of ciliates assigned to certain morphospecies are urgently needed for barcoding approaches as planktonic taxa are still poorly represented in public databases and the interpretation of HTS data depends on profound reference sequences. Through linking operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with known morphospecies, we can use the deep knowledge about the autecology of these species

Migrações, média e ativismos em língua portuguesa: descolonizar paisagens mediáticas e imaginar futuros alternativos

Relatório de Progresso Científico do Projeto MigraMediaActs - Ano2O presente relatório consiste em um sumário executivo do segundo ano do projeto “Migrações, média e ativismos em língua portuguesa: descolonizar paisagens mediáticas e imaginar futuros alternativos” (MigraMediaActs), financiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT — Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. O objetivo principal do projeto é analisar conteúdos mediáticos em língua portuguesa, a fim de compreender como se desenvolvem os processos de descolonização das paisagens mediáticas e a participação de diferentes atores sociais, como ativistas e membros de associações, nesses processos. Com isso, visamos contribuir para uma maior visibilidade das pessoas que ocupam um lugar de alteridade no contexto nacional português, enquanto agentes ativos na transformação social

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions