Spatial planning for Aquaculture: a Special National Framework for resolving local conflicts

During the 25 last years, Greece has registered a spectacular growth of the aquaculture sector. The advantages of its coasts especially favoured marine fish aquaculture that developed into one of the most productive economic sectors in the country. Greece historically dominated production of sea bass and sea bream in the Mediterranean and on EU level. This production is mainly export-oriented and tends to be enriched with other species. The sector’s development took place in absence of a regulatory framework on spatial planning of productive activities. Under these conditions important concentrations have been formed in areas that have been proved to be favourable for aquaculture. Conflicts over the use of the coastal area are usual in many parts of the country and aquaculture development is often resisted, partly as a result of past bitter experience but mainly because the farms location is seen as an impediment to future tourist or second home development. The Council’s of the State rulings have overturned many administrative acts regarding individual location permits on the grounds that they were not granted in accordance to the provisions of formal spatial plans. Under these conditions in which all permits risked to be revoked, the Greek producers have solicited and keenly supported the elaboration of a special spatial plan on national scale. The National Framework regulates the spatial organization of aquaculture in both fresh and marine waters. It covers cultivation of any organism, which lives in the water. The main part reports to marine finfish aquaculture but it also embraces provisions on shellfish cultivation, as well as on other types of aquaculture that take place in the country (fresh water production, fish farming in lagoons etc). It proposes the development of a system for the location of fish farms, based on a zoning principle. However, it recognizes the need for individual location in special cases.

Equilibrium of incomplete markets with money and intermediate banking system

This paper studies a simple stochastic two-period general equilibrium exchange model with money, an incomplete market of nominal assets, and a competitive banking system, intermediate between consumers and a Central Bank. There is a finite number of agents, consumers and banks. Default is not permitted. The public policy instruments are, besides real taxes implicit in the model, public debt and creation of money both implemented at the first period. The equilibrium existence is established under a Gains to trade hypothesis and the assumption that banks have a non zero endowment of money at each date-event of the model.Competitive banking system, incomplete markets, nominal assets, money, monetary equilibrium, cash-in-advance constraints, public debt.

What Can an Evolutionary Explanation Bring to The Demarcation of The Normal from The Pathological in Psychiatry? Nesse’s Case of Depression.

Randolph Nesse argues that evolutionary theory is the key element in elaborating a valid criterion demarcating the normal from the pathological in psychiatry (Nesse, 2001, 2009, 2015, 2017). By focusing on the application of Nesse’s criterion on the demarcation of normal low mood from pathological depression, I argue – contrary to Nesse’s claims – that evolutionary theory cannot generate a valid criterion from the differentiation of normal low mood states from pathological depression. Indeed, expression in conformity to evolved functions cannot constitute a sufficient condition for normality, as Nesse’s project should imply. Moreover, grounding normality in evolved functions presupposes a kind of fixity of our emotional states, which seems unwarranted in the light of a constantly changing environment. As a result of these limitations, I suggest that the relevant distinction in psychiatry should not be “normality” versus “abnormality”, but, rather, “that which requires intervention” versus “that which does not”

Equilibrium of incomplete markets with money and intermediate banking system

URL des Cahiers : https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/CAHIERS-MSECahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques 2006.68 - ISSN 1624-0340This paper studies a simple stochastic two-period general equilibrium exchange model with money, an incomplete market of nominal assets, and a competitive banking system, intermediate between consumers and a Central Bank. There is a finite number of agents, consumers and banks. Default is not permitted. The public policy instruments are, besides real taxes implicit in the model, public debt and creation of money both implemented at the first period. The equilibrium existence is established under a Gains to trade hypothesis and the assumption that banks have a non zero endowment of money at each date-event of the model.Nous étudions dans cet article l'équilibre général d'un modèle simple, à deux périodes, avec money, un marché incomplet d'actifs nominaux et un système bancaire compétitif intermédiaire entre la Banque Centrale et les consommateurs. Le nombre des agents, consommateurs et banques, est fini. Le défaut n'est pas permis. Les instruments de politique publique sont, au-delà de taxes réelles, implicites dans le modèle, sur les ressources initiales des consommateurs, les montants de dette publique et de création monétaire fixés au début de la première période. L'existence de l'équilibre est établie sous l'hypothèse que l'autarcie n'est Pareto optimale en aucun des états du modèle et la supposition qu'également en tout état l'encaisse monétaire initiale globale des banques est positive

Redécouvrir Athènes. Balades urbaines et récits quotidiens du centre-ville

Depuis les années 1980, des travaux d’envergure d’aménagement des espaces publics, visent à aiguiser le profil touristique et culturel d’Athènes, ayant comme conséquence le retour de la marche à pied en tant que pratique de loisir au sein du centre historique. De nombreuses associations d’habitants, qui ont vu le jour surtout après les années 2000, proposent la redécouverte des quartiers centraux à travers des balades collectives. En s’appuyant sur des interviews des acteurs locaux d’aménagement des espaces publics, de fondateurs et de participants du groupe Atenistas, l’article interroge l’émergence d’une nouvelle forme de promenade urbaine qui jongle entre pratique touristique, acte de sociabilité et action citoyenne. Marcher ensemble et échanger sur l’expérience commune de la marche, confronte les participants des balades-évènements de Atenistas, à divers récits urbains méconnus ou marginalisés. C’est l’objectif de cet article d’interroger les conditions de création et d’émergence de ces balades ainsi que leur capacité à répondre à des enjeux de réactivation touristique et économique du centre-ville à travers le renouement du lien social : par la marche, la rencontre, la découverte.Since the 1980s, extended pedestrianization works in Athens’ public spaces have been designed to sharpen the tourist and cultural profile of the city, resulting in a lively return to walking as a leisure activity within the historic center. There are many associations of inhabitants, who were created especially after the 2000s, offering the rediscovery of the city through collective walks. Based on a field survey, interviews with local actors and the founders and participants of the Atenistas group, the article questions the emergence of a new form of urban walk that juggles between tourist practice and sociability and citizen’s action. Walking together and discussing the common experience of walking, confronts the inhabitants and participants with the Atenistas group’s walk-events, with various urban narratives hitherto unknown or marginalized. It is the objective of this article to question the conditions of creation and gradual emergence of a new form of urban practice that seeks to respond to issues of tourist and economic reactivation of the city center with a focus on the renewal of the social bond: by walking, meeting, discovering

Beyond Regret: Cognitive Strategies for Healthier Eating and Weight-Loss

This work was guided by the question: which ways of thinking can facilitate self-regulation in the domain of eating behavior change and weight-loss, and why? In Experiment 1 we found that a minimally induced focus on the food's health vs. taste value was sufficient to activate a healthy eating goal among female participants as observed in their food choices and consumption during a subsequent, seemingly unrelated, tasting task in the lab. In Experiment 2, we tested two explicitly instructed cognitive strategies for regulating overeating during the Thanksgiving holiday dinner and found that thinking of refraining from overeating as an act of care towards oneself was effective in helping participants limit overeating and dessert consumption, as compared to thinking of overeating as an act that the individual would later regret. Finally, in Experiment 3, we systematically varied the frame-valence (positive vs. negative) and time-focus (present vs. future) of a goal-directed cognitive strategy in order to investigate the unique contribution and interaction of these factors in rendering particular strategies effective in the context of self-regulation for healthier eating and weight-loss among both male and female participants. What we found was a time-focus by frame-valence interaction, such that, when focusing on future outcomes, a positively framed strategy (i.e. thinking of how healthy choices would eventually lead to reaching one's future goal) resulted in significant weight-loss and healthier eating over a two-week period, whereas a negatively framed strategy (i.e. thinking of how unhealthy choices would not lead to reaching one's future goal) did not. On the other hand, when focusing on present progress, a negatively framed cognitive strategy (i.e. thinking of how an unhealthy choice constitutes taking a step away from one's goal) resulted in significant weight-loss and healthier eating, whereas a positively framed strategy (i.e. thinking of how a healthy choice constitutes taking a step towards one's goal) did not. Current health communication policy in the United States and abroad is primarily focused on raising awareness about the future, negative consequences of unhealthy behaviors such as overeating - a strategy that we found to be ineffective and that previous research has found to be associated with harmful effects such as reinforcing the stigma against overweight and obese people. This thesis adds to the voices that question the advisability of this communication policy and instead proposes alternative, effective, ways of promoting healthy eating behavior