The Szeg\"o Cubic Equation

We consider the following Hamiltonian equation on the $L^2$ Hardy space on the circle, $$i\partial_tu=\Pi(|u|^2u) ,$$ where $\Pi$ is the Szeg\"o projector. This equation can be seen as a toy model for totally non dispersive evolution equations. We display a Lax pair structure for this equation. We prove that it admits an infinite sequence of conservation laws in involution, and that it can be approximated by a sequence of finite dimensional completely integrable Hamiltonian systems. We establish several instability phenomena illustrating the degeneracy of this completely integrable structure. We also classify the traveling waves for this system

The cubic szego equation and hankel operators

This monograph is an expanded version of the preprint arXiv:1402.1716 or hal-00943396v1.It is devoted to the dynamics on Sobolev spaces of the cubic Szeg{\"o} equation on the circle ${\mathbb S} ^1$,$$i\partial \_t u=\Pi (\vert u\vert ^2u)\ .$$Here $\Pi$ denotes the orthogonal projector from $L^2({\mathbb S} ^1)$ onto the subspace $L^2\_+({\mathbb S} ^1)$ of functions with nonnegative Fourier modes.We construct a nonlinear Fourier transformation on $H^{1/2}({\mathbb S} ^1)\cap L^2\_+({\mathbb S} ^1)$ allowing to describe explicitly the solutions of this equationwith data in $H^{1/2}({\mathbb S} ^1)\cap L^2\_+({\mathbb S} ^1)$. This explicit description implies almost-periodicity of every solution in $H^{\frac 12}\_+$. Furthermore, it allows to display the following turbulence phenomenon. For a dense $G\_\delta$ subset of initial data in $C^\infty ({\mathbb S} ^1)\cap L^2\_+({\mathbb S} ^1)$, the solutions tend to infinity in $H^s$ for every s\textgreater{}\frac 12 with super--polynomial growth on some sequence of times, while they go back to their initial data on another sequence of times tending to infinity. This transformation is defined by solving a general inverse spectral problem involving singular values of a Hilbert--Schmidt Hankel operator and of its shifted Hankel operator.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1402.171

Invariant tori for the cubic Szeg\"o equation

We continue the study of the following Hamiltonian equation on the Hardy space of the circle, $$i\partial _tu=\Pi(|u|^2u)\ ,$$ where $\Pi$ denotes the Szeg\"o projector. This equation can be seen as a toy model for totally non dispersive evolution equations. In a previous work, we proved that this equation admits a Lax pair, and that it is completely integrable. In this paper, we construct the action-angle variables, which reduces the explicit resolution of the equation to a diagonalisation problem. As a consequence, we solve an inverse spectral problem for Hankel operators. Moreover, we establish the stability of the corresponding invariant tori. Furthermore, from the explicit formulae, we deduce the classification of orbitally stable and unstable traveling waves

Multiple singular values of Hankel operators

The goal of this paper is to construct a nonlinear Fourier transformation on the space of symbols of compact Hankel operators on the circle. This transformation allows to solve a general inverse spectral problem involving singular values of a compact Hankel operator, with arbitrary multiplicities. The formulation of this result requires the introduction of the pair made with a Hankel operator and its shifted Hankel operator. As an application, we prove that the space of symbols of compact Hankel operators on the circle admits a singular foliation made of tori of finite or infinite dimensions, on which the flow of the cubic Szeg\"o equation acts. In particular, we infer that arbitrary solutions of the cubic Szeg\"o equation on the circle with finite momentum are almost periodic with values in H^{1/2}(S ^1).Comment: 80 page

Effective integrable dynamics for some nonlinear wave equation

We consider the following degenerate half wave equation on the one dimensional torus $$\quad i\partial_t u-|D|u=|u|^2u, \; u(0,\cdot)=u_0.$$ We show that, on a large time interval, the solution may be approximated by the solution of a completely integrable system-- the cubic Szeg\"o equation. As a consequence, we prove an instability result for large $H^s$ norms of solutions of this wave equation.Comment: 19 page

Generic colourful tori and inverse spectral transform for Hankel operators

This paper explores the regularity properties of an inverse spectral transform for Hilbert--Schmidt Hankel operators on the unit disc. This spectral transform plays the role of action-angles variables for an integrable infinite dimensional Hamiltonian system -- the cubic Szeg\"o equation. We investigate the regularity of functions on the tori supporting the dynamics of this system, in connection with some wave turbulence phenomenon, discovered in a previous work and due to relative small gaps between the actions. We revisit this phenomenon by proving that generic smooth functions and a G $\delta$ dense set of irregular functions do coexist on the same torus. On the other hand, we establish some uniform analytic regularity for tori corresponding to rapidly decreasing actions which satisfy some specific property ruling out the phenomenon of small gaps

Truncation of Multilinear Hankel operators

We extend to multilinear Hankel operators the fact that truncation of bounded Hankel operators is bounded. We prove and use a continuity property of a kind of bilinear Hilbert transforms on product of Lipschitz spaces and Hardy spaces.Comment: 8 page

Harmonic functions on the real hyperbolic ball II Hardy and Lipschitz spaces

In this paper, we pursue the study of harmonic functions on the real hyperbolic ball started by the second named author. Our focus here is on the theory of Hardy, Hardy-Sobolev and Lipschitz spaces of these functions. We prove here that these spaces admit Fefferman-Stein like characterizations in terms of maximal and square functionals. We further prove that the hyperbolic harmonic extension of Lipschitz functions on the boundary extend into Lipschitz functions on the whole ball.Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures, LATEX file Authors partially supported by the "European Commission" (TMR 1998-2001 Network Harmonic Analysis

Spectral inverse problems for compact Hankel operators

Given two arbitrary sequences $(\lambda_j)_{j\ge 1}$ and $(\mu_j)_{j\ge 1}$ of real numbers satisfying $$|\lambda_1|>|\mu_1|>|\lambda_2|>|\mu_2|>...>| \lambda_j| >| \mu_j| \to 0\ ,$$ we prove that there exists a unique sequence $c=(c_n)_{n\in\Z_+}$, real valued, such that the Hankel operators $\Gamma_c$ and $\Gamma_{\tilde c}$ of symbols $c=(c_{n})_{n\ge 0}$ and $\tilde c=(c_{n+1})_{n\ge 0}$ respectively, are selfadjoint compact operators on $\ell^2(\Z_+)$ and have the sequences $(\lambda_j)_{j\ge 1}$ and $(\mu_j)_{j\ge 1}$ respectively as non zero eigenvalues. Moreover, we give an explicit formula for $c$ and we describe the kernel of $\Gamma_c$ and of $\Gamma_{\tilde c}$ in terms of the sequences $(\lambda_j)_{j\ge 1}$ and $(\mu_j)_{j\ge 1}$. More generally, given two arbitrary sequences $(\rho_j)_{j\ge 1}$ and $(\sigma_j)_{j\ge 1}$ of positive numbers satisfying $$\rho_1>\sigma_1>\rho_2>\sigma_2>...> \rho_j> \sigma_j \to 0\ ,$$ we describe the set of sequences $c=(c_n)_{n\in\Z_+}$ of complex numbers such that the Hankel operators $\Gamma_c$ and $\Gamma_{\tilde c}$ are compact on $\ell ^2(\Z_+)$ and have sequences $(\rho_j)_{j\ge 1}$ and $(\sigma_j)_{j\ge 1}$ respectively as non zero singular values.Comment: 25 page

Truncations of multilinear Hankel operators

We extend to multilinear Hankel operators the fact that some truncations of bounded Hankel operators are bounded. We prove and use a continuity property of bilinear Hilbert transforms on products of Lipschitz spaces and Hardy spaces