Avaliação do processo de intervenção com professores para prevenção a problemas de comportamento infantil

Objective The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems reaches 30% of school-age Brazilians. Management by teachers can reinforce such difficulties and, therefore, it is essential to assess interventions to provide them with the best tools available. In this study, it was aimed to present the development and implementation of the Facilitating Contact with Students Program was implemented in early grade teachers. Method The process of two modalities of this Program was evaluated: G1 (with a full program) and G2 (with a partial program, without the cognitive model contents, only instruction about behavioral management techniques and socioemotional support). Results The G1 gave better scores to the intervention on the importance and usefulness of the contents. Conclusion The teacher’s knowledge regarding the cognitive model is relevant for the modification of disruptive behaviors of students in the classroom.Objetivo A prevalência de problemas emocionais e de comportamento chega a 30% em brasileiros em idade escolar. O manejo pelos professores pode reforçar tais dificuldades e, portanto, é fundamental avaliar intervenções para instrumentalizá-los. Objetivou-se apresentar o desenvolvimento e a implementação do Programa Facilitando o conVívio com Alunos em docentes de séries iniciais. Método Avaliou-se o processo de duas modalidades desta intervenção: G1, recebeu a intervenção de forma completa, e G2, recebeu a intervenção de forma parcial, priorizando-se a instrução sobre técnicas comportamentais de manejo e apoio socioemocional e excluindo-se o conteúdo do modelo cognitivo. Resultados O G1 avaliou melhor a intervenção quanto a importância e utilidade do conteúdo. Conclusão O conhecimento do modelo cognitivo por parte do professor é relevante para a modificação de comportamentos perturbadores de alunos em sala de aula

Polycaprolactone/Starch/Agar Coatings for Food-Packaging Paper: Statistical Correlation of the Formulations’ Effect on Diffusion, Grease Resistance, and Mechanical Properties

Paper is one of the most promising materials for food packaging and wrapping due to its low environmental impact, but surface treatments are often needed to improve its performance, e.g., the resistance to fats and oils. In this context, this research is focused on the formulation of a new paper bio-coating. Paper was coated with liquids containing poly(hexano-6-lactone) (PCL), glycerol and variable percentages of starch (5–10% w/w PCL dry weight), agar-agar (0–1.5% w/w PCL dry weight), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (5% or 15% w/w PCL dry weight) to improve coating uniformity and diffusion. A design of experiments approach was implemented to find statistically reliable results in terms of the best coating formulation. Coated paper was characterized through mechanical and physical properties. Results showed that agar content (1.5% w/w PCL dry weight) has a beneficial effect on increasing the resistance to oil. Furthermore, the best coating composition has been calculated, and it is 10% w/w PCL dry weight of starch, 1.5% w/w PCL dry weight of agar, and 15% w/w PCL dry weight of PEG

TRANSLATE -- A Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Transport in Liquid Argon

The microphysics of electron and photon propagation in liquid argon is a key component of detector design and calibrations needed to construct and perform measurements within a wide range of particle physics experiments. As experiments grow in scale and complexity, and as the precision of their intended measurements increases, the development of tools to investigate important microphysics effects impacting such detectors becomes necessary. In this paper we present a new time-domain Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in liquid argon. The simulation models the TRANSport in Liquid Argon of near-Thermal Electrons (TRANSLATE) with the aim of providing a multi-purpose software package for the study and optimization of detector environments, with a particular focus on ongoing and next generation liquid argon neutrino experiments utilizing the time projection chamber technology. TRANSLATE builds on previous work of Wojcik and Tachiya, amongst others, introducing additional cross-section processes up to ionization, thus modeling the full range of drift electron scattering interactions. The simulation is validated by benchmarking its performance with swarm parameters from data collected in experimental setups operating in gas and liquid.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure

Teaching effectiveness and children emotional/behavioral difficulties : outcomes from FAVA program

Este estudo quase-experimental avaliou os resultados do programa FAcilitando o conVívio com Alunos – FAVA, destinado a professores do ensino fundamental I, visando a promoção da eficácia docente e a redução de problemas emocionais/comportamentais infantis, aferidos pela Escala de Avaliação das Crenças de Eficácia do Professor e pelo Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades, respectivamente. O FAVA contemplou a psicoeducação sobre o modelo cognitivo, o desenvolvimento socioemocional e a modificação de comportamentos. Comparação entre os grupos experimentais (GE1, que recebeu intervenção completa, e GE2, sem o modelo cognitivo) e o grupo de comparação evidenciou a promoção da eficácia pessoal docente (GE2) e a redução da percepção das dificuldades emocionais/comportamentais infantis (GE1). Ressalta-se a contribuição do modelo cognitivo e da aprendizagem socioemocional em intervenções com professores.Through a quasi-experimental design, the results of FAcilitando o conVívio com Alunos – FAVA´s program for elementary school teachers, were evaluated, aiming at promoting teaching effectiveness and reducing child behavior problems, as measured by Teacher’s Effectiveness Beliefs Scale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respectively. The FAVA contemplated psychoeducation about cognitive model, socioemotional development and behavior modification. The comparison between experimental groups (GE1 that received complete intervention and GE2 that did not have the cognitive model) and comparison group showed the promotion of teaching staff effectiveness (GE2) and the reduction in the perception of child behavioral difficulties (GE1). The contribution of the cognitive model and socioemotional learning in interventions with teachers is emphasized

Material psicoeducativo sobre el trastorno por déficitde atención e hiperactividad : evaluación docente

O presente estudo objetivou desenvolver e avaliar um material psicoeducativo sobre Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) destinado a professores em escolas públicas e privadas. Utilizou-se um protocolo de avaliação para materiais educativos, respondido por 40 professoras de escolas da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e Vale do Caí, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Considerou-se a compreensão, a linguagem, a opinião quanto ao estímulo à aprendizagem e os conhecimentos prévios das professoras sobre TDAH. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo e da estatística descritiva indicaram que o material apresentava conteúdo e linguagem adequados, contendo informações que auxiliavam na compreensão e trabalho docente com crianças com o diagnóstico. A versão final do material contemplou as sugestões de aprimoramento advindas dos profissionais.The present study aimed to develop and evaluate psychoeducational material on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) for teachers in public and private schools. An evaluation protocol for educational materials was used and answered by 40 teachers from schools in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre and Vale do Caí (RS, Brazil). The understanding, the language, the opinion regarding the stimulus to learning and the teachers' previous knowledge about ADHD were considered. The results of content analysis and descriptive statistics indicated that the material had adequate content and language, containing information that improved theofunderstanding the teaching work with children withal diagnosis. The final version of the material included suggestions for improvement from professionals.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y evaluar un material psicoeducativo sobre el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) para docentes de escuelas públicas y privadas. Se utilizó un protocolo de evaluación de materiales educativos, respondido por 40 docentes de la región metropolitana de Porto Alegre y Vale do Caí (RS). Se consideró la comprensión, el lenguaje, la opinión sobre el estímulo al aprendizaje y los conocimientos previos de los docentes sobre el TDAH. Los resultados del análisis de contenido y la estadística descriptiva indicaron que el material tenía contenido y lenguaje adecuados, conteniendo información que ayudó en la comprensión y enseñanza con los niños con el diagnóstico. La versión final del material incluyó sugerencias de mejora por parte de los profesionales

Comparison of Performance in the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) between Overweight/Obese and Normal-Weight Children and Association with Haemodynamic Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study in Four Primary Schools

Physical activity plays a pivotal role in preventing obesity and cardiovascular risks. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a tool to assess functional capacity and predict cardiovascular events. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the performance and haemodynamic parameters before and after a 6MWT between obese/overweight vs. normal-weight children (average age 8.7 +/- 0.7 years) participating in a project involving four primary schools in South Verona (Italy). Validated questionnaires for physical activity and diet, as well as blood drops, were collected. Overweight or obese children (OW & OB; n = 100) covered a shorter 6MWT distance compared to normal-weight children (NW, n = 194). At the test's conclusion, the OW&OB group exhibited a higher Rate Pulse Product (RPP = Systolic Blood Pressure x Heart Rate) as compared to the NW. Body Mass Index, waist-to-height ratio, fat mass by electrical impedance, and trans fatty acids showed direct correlations with pre and post-test haemodynamic parameters, such as RPP, and inverse correlations with oxygen saturation. OW&OB children demonstrated lower performance in this low-intensity exercise test, along with an elevated haemodynamic response. Excess fat in childhood can be considered a risk factor for haemodynamic stress, with potential deleterious consequences later in life. Efforts should be initiated early to break this cycle

Interventions with Teachers to Adjust Child Behavior: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Problemas de comportamento denotam preocupação na educação infantil, pois afetam a aprendizagem, configurando-se como preditores de dificuldades futuras nos âmbitos social, cognitivo e acadêmico. Entretanto, há intervenções que visam promover práticas docentes que buscam preveni-los ou modificá-los. Nesse sentido, revisou-se a literatura para identificar os procedimentos metodológicos envolvidos na avaliação de processo e resultados de intervenções voltadas aos professores da educação infantil, visando o ajustamento comportamental de seus alunos. Adotou-se a diretriz PRISMA e PICO, pesquisando os descritores problem behavior, classroom, children, intervention e teacher nas bases Ebsco, APA PsychNET, Web of Science e BVS. Foram elegidos 17 estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos em língua inglesa. Evidenciou-se a escassez de pesquisas brasileiras sobre intervenções nessa temática e o não estabelecimento de uma metodologia experimental. Ainda, uma minoria avaliou o processo da intervenção e, entre estes, apenas alguns explicitaram a metodologia utilizada.Behavior problems and deficits in social skills have been a concern in early childhood education because these affect learning and are predictors of future problems in the social, academic and cognitive settings. However, there are interventions aimed to promote teaching practices that have resulted in greater behavioral adjustment of students. The success of these programs is related to factors intrinsic to their implementation and evaluation. We sought to identify the methodological procedures involved in the evaluation of the process and results of interventions address at preschool teachers, aiming at the behavioral adjustment of the students. Review was developed according to PRISMA, using different bases. The PICO guideline was adopted, being the descriptors problem behavior, classroom, children, intervention and teacher. Were selected 17 studies published in the last 10 years in English. Brazilian research on interventions in this theme and the establishment of an experimental methodology were not observed. In addition, a minority of the studies evaluated the intervention process and, among these, only a few explained the methodology used

Interventions with teachers to adjust child behavior : a systematic review of the literature

Problemas de comportamento denotam preocupação na educação infantil, pois afetam a aprendizagem, configurando-se como preditores de dificuldades futuras nos âmbitos social, cognitivo e acadêmico. Entretanto, há intervenções que visam promover práticas docentes que buscam preveni-los ou modificá-los. Nesse sentido, revisou-se a literatura para identificar os procedimentos metodológicos envolvidos na avaliação de processo e resultados de intervenções voltadas aos professores da educação infantil, visando o ajustamento comportamental de seus alunos. Adotou-se a diretriz PRISMA e PICO, pesquisando os descritores problem behavior, classroom, children, intervention e teacher nas bases Ebsco, APA PsychNET, Web of Science e BVS. Foram elegidos 17 estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos em língua inglesa. Evidenciou-se a escassez de pesquisas brasileiras sobre intervenções nessa temática e o não estabelecimento de uma metodologia experimental. Ainda, uma minoria avaliou o processo da intervenção e, entre estes, apenas alguns explicitaram a metodologia utilizada.Behavior problems and deficits in social skills have been a concern in early childhood education because these affect learning and are predictors of future problems in the social, academic and cognitive settings. However, there are interventions aimed to promote teaching practices that have resulted in greater behavioral adjustment of students. The success of these programs is related to factors intrinsic to their implementation and evaluation. We sought to identify the methodological procedures involved in the evaluation of the process and results of interventions address at preschool teachers, aiming at the behavioral adjustment of the students. Review was developed according to PRISMA, using different bases. The PICO guideline was adopted, being thedescriptors problem behavior, classroom, children, intervention and teacher. Were selected 17 studies published in the last 10 years in English. Brazilian research on interventions in this theme and the establishment of an experimental methodology were not observed. In addition, a minority of the studies evaluated the intervention process and, among these, only a few explained the methodology used

Snoring in a cohort of obese children: association with palate position and nocturnal desaturations

Purpose of the study: Frequency of habitual snoring is significantly higher in obese than in normal-weight subjects. Obesity and adeno-tonsillar size are risk factors of snoring. Other factors, such as fat distribution and upper airway collapsibility, could explain the relationship between obesity, snoring and obtructive sleep apneas. The aim of the study was to investigate clinical and instrumental significance of snoring in exogenous obese children referred to our department.Methodology: This preliminary study takes part of a larger prospective respiratory sleep study. In 36 consecutive obese children (18 males), bodymass index (BMI), BMI Z score and neck circumference were calculated according to age and sex. Nasal patency, tonsil size, palate position scoring were also recorded. An overnight polygraphy was performed using a portable ambulatory device. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS® Statistics 19.0 software for Windows®.Main findings: Snoring, objectively measured by polygraphy, was associated with palate position and with oxygen desaturation index (ODI). The correlation between snoring and ODI completely disappeared when adjusting for palate position scoring.Key conclusions: Low palate position can be identified as an adjunctive, although not unique, factor that can contribute to making snoring and increased desaturation events possibly related to increased risk of upper airway collapsibility during sleep in obese childre

Positive effects of tomato paste on vascular function after a fat meal in male healthy subjects

Tomato consumption has been recently associated with a reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to test whether a seven-day period of tomato paste pur\ue8e (tomato paste, TP) supplementation could improve some haemodynamic parameters in healthy volunteers before and after a standardized fat meal (FM)