Limited-memory BFGS Systems with Diagonal Updates

In this paper, we investigate a formula to solve systems of the form (B + {\sigma}I)x = y, where B is a limited-memory BFGS quasi-Newton matrix and {\sigma} is a positive constant. These types of systems arise naturally in large-scale optimization such as trust-region methods as well as doubly-augmented Lagrangian methods. We show that provided a simple condition holds on B_0 and \sigma, the system (B + \sigma I)x = y can be solved via a recursion formula that requies only vector inner products. This formula has complexity M^2n, where M is the number of L-BFGS updates and n >> M is the dimension of x

The evolving scholarly record

This report presents a framework to help organize and drive discussions about the evolving scholarly record. The framework provides a high-level view of the categories of material the scholarly record potentially encompasses, as well as the key stakeholder roles associated with the creation, management, and use of the scholarly record. Key highlights: A confluence of trends is accelerating changes to the scholarly record\u27s content and stakeholder roles. Scholarly outcomes are contextualized by materials generated in the process and aftermath of scholarly inquiry. The research process generates materials covering methods employed, evidence used, and formative discussion. The research aftermath generates materials covering discussion, revision, and reuse of scholarly outcomes. The scholarly record is evolving to have greater emphasis on collecting and curating context of scholarly inquiry. The scholarly record’s stakeholder ecosystem encompasses four key roles: create, fix, collect, and use. The stakeholder ecosystem supports thinking about how roles are reconfigured as the scholarly record evolves. The ways and means of scholarly inquiry are experiencing fundamental change, with consequences for scholarly communication and ultimately, the scholarly record. The boundaries of the scholarly record are both expanding and blurring, driven by changes in research practices, as well as changing perceptions of the long-term value of certain forms of scholarly materials. Understanding the nature, scope, and evolutionary trends of the scholarly record is an important concern in many quarters—for libraries, for publishers, for funders, and of course for scholars themselves. Many issues are intrinsic to the scholarly record, such as preservation, citation, replicability, provenance, and data curation. The conceptualization of the scholarly record and its stakeholder ecosystem provided in the report can serve as a common point of reference in discussions within and across domains, and help cultivate the shared understanding and collaborative relationships needed to identify, collect, and make accessible the wide range of materials the scholarly record is evolving to include

Archives in the Digital Age

"I understand my role is to convey the scope of “digital archives,” so that we’re all on the same page, talking about the entire range of what’s included in “digital archives.” And first, I’d like to say a little something about archives in relation to special collections. Archives can refer to things like official records of a corporation or institution, personal papers, literary manuscripts, but they also contain photo collections, recorded sound, clippings and, often, combinations of these things. Special collections can refer to these same things, and sometimes archives units are actually part of special collections divisions.

Antarctica

Writing poems about not being able to write is a long-standing tradition among poets. They\u27re an irony in and of themselves: the use of words to tell someone you have no words at all

Loneliness

Loneliness isn\u27t a person but, rather, an absence of people. Or, to be more precise, the feeling of no one\u27s presence except your own. To be lonely, then, as in this poem, is to feel the presence of absence, the companionship of no one, and the company of a person who isn\u27t a person at all

Client-Centered Practice: Views from Occupational Therapists and their Clients

The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the perceptual involvement of clients and occupational therapists in the shared decision-making process in healthcare facilities in the United States. This study also investigated whether there is a difference in perception in the shared decision-making process in different adult/geriatric healthcare facilities. Participants (11 occupational therapists, 30 clients) in adult/geriatric healthcare facilities were each engaged in a semi-structured interview to determine their perceptions of client-centered practice, specifically in relation to the goal setting process. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the item data. In addition, one-way analysis of variance was computed to identify perceptual differences of opinions in clients and therapists among the four facility variables from where the participants originated from, i.e., longterm care/rehabilitation, hospital outpatient, hospital inpatient, nursing homes. The occupational therapists in this study indicated use of the principles of client­ centered practice in their delivery of occupational therapy services. Their clients however, had displayed mixed perceptions about their role as an active participant in client-centered practice and all responded negative to being aware of the approach. Perceptual differences did appear between the therapists and their clients in relation to the use of client-centered practice, as their responses to similar questions varied. Lastly, facility type significantly influenced clients\u27 knowledge of certain aspects of their treatment in four areas. Results suggest that a perceptual gap exists between occupational therapists and their clients in relation to their stated use of and participation in client-centered practice. In light of the results, development of a systematic strategy by therapists to elicit the roles that their clients desire to play in the therapeutic process may be an effective intervention to ensure that therapists and their clients are able to fulfill their roles in client-centered practice