When is Gibrat's Law a Law?

The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the industry context matters for whether Gibrat's law is rejected or not using a dataset that consists of all limited firms in 5-digit NACE-industries in Sweden during 1998-2004. The results reject Gibrat's law on an aggregate level, since small firms grow faster than large firms. However, Gibrat's law is confirmed about as often as it is rejected when industry-specific regressions are estimated. It is also found that the industry context - e.g., minimum efficient scale, market concentration rate, and number of young firms in the industry - matters for whether Gibrat's law is rejected or not.Firm growth; firm size; job creation; small firms

When is Gibrat's Law a Law?

The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the industry context matters for whether Gibrat's law is rejected or not using a dataset that consists of all limited firms in 5-digit NACE-industries in Sweden during 1998-2004. The results reject Gibrat's law on an aggregate level, since small firms grow faster than large firms. However, Gibrat's law is confirmed about as often as it is rejected when industry-specific regressions are estimated. It is also found that the industry context - e.g., minimum e¢ cient scale, market concentration rate, and number of young firms in the industry - matters for whether Gibrat's law is rejected or not.Firm growth; firm size; job creation; small firms

The economic contribution of high-growth firms: Do definitions matter?

Prior studies have defined high-growth firms (HGFs) in terms of sales or employment, and analyzed their contribution to employment growth. We define HGFs by employment and sales and add definitions of value added and productivity. We examine the contribution of HGFs to employment growth, economic growth, productivity growth, and sales growth. All HGFs give a disproportionately large positive contribution to economic growth and most also give large positive contributions to growth in employment, productivity and sales. Although HGFs of different definitions are usually not the same firms, young firms are more likely to be HGFs irrespective of definition.Gazelles; Firm growth; High-impact firms

The Economic Contribution of High-Growth Firms: Do Definitions Matter?

Prior studies have defined high-growth firms (HGFs) in terms of sales or employment, and analyzed their contribution to employment growth. We define HGFs by employment and sales and add definitions of value added and productivity. We examine the contribution of HGFs to employment growth, economic growth, productivity growth, and sales growth. All HGFs give a disproportionately large positive contribution to economic growth and most also give large positive contributions to growth in employment, productivity and sales. Although HGFs of different definitions are usually not the same firms, young firms are more likely to be HGFs irrespective of definition.Gazelles; Firm growth; High-impact firms

Overcoming trade distortions

This bachelor thesis in political science focuses on the possibility to achieve reforms of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy, making the policy less trade distorting. Sociological, Historical and Rational Choice Institutionalism are applied to explain both the persistence and the evolution of the CAP. Persistence is mainly attributed to the decision making level of the CAP in combination with the perception of agriculture as a unique sector that requires state assistance, which makes radical reforms or an abolishment of the policy close to inconceivable. A moderate approach thus appears more realistic. This thesis identifies external pressure from trade negotiations as the primary driver of reform. Modulation, shifting funds to the less trade-distorting Rural Development Pillar, is identified as the primary tool for making successful reforms while still preserving the legitimacy of the CAP. An assessment of the three institutionalisms concludes that they lack the ability to explain the drivers of reform, but are however highly instrumental in explaining inertia as well as the evolution of the tools necessary for reform to be successful

Łukasz MUSIAŁ Arkadiusz ŻYCHLIŃSKI (red.), Nienasycenie. Filozofowie o Kafce

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Nanoscale Molecular Dynamics Simulaton of Shock Compression of Silicon

We report results of molecular dynamics simulation of shock wave propagation in silicon in [100], [110], and [111] directions obtained using a classical environment-dependent interatomic potential (EDIP). Several regimes of materials response are classified as a function of shock wave intensity using the calculated shock Hugoniot. Shock wave structure in [100] and [111] directions exhibit usual evolution as a function of piston velocity. At piston velocities km/s the shock wave consists of a fast elastic precursor followed by a slower plastic front. At larger piston velocities the single overdriven plastic wave propagates through the crystal causing amorphitization of Si. However, the [110] shock wave exhibits an anomalous materials response at intermediate piston velocities around km/s which is characterized by the absence of plastic deformations

Molecular dynamics simulations of an anomalous response of diamond to shock compression

We performed molecular dynamics simulations of shock wave propagation in diamond in the [110] crystallographic direction and observed an anomalous response of the material. This regime is characterized by absence of plastic deformation in the intermediate interval of shock wave intensities between shear-deformation and overdriven rehybridization shock wave regimes

Shear stresses in shock-compressed diamond from density functional theory

We report density functional theory (DFT) results for the shear stresses of uniaxially compressed diamond under conditions corresponding to strong shock wave compression. A nonmonotonic dependence of shear stresses on uniaxial strain was discovered in all three low-index crystallographic directions: , , and . For compression the shear stress even becomes negative in the region near the minimum of the shear stress-strain curve. The DFT results suggest that anomalous elastic regime observed in recent molecular dynamics shock simulations is a real phenomenon caused by a significant delay or even freezing of the plastic response