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Exotic symplectomorphisms and contact circle actions

Using Floer-theoretic methods, we prove that the non-existence of an exotic symplectomorphism on the standard symplectic ball, $\mathbb{B}^{2n},$ implies a rather strict topological condition on the free contact circle actions on the standard contact sphere, $\mathbb{S}^{2n-1}.$ We also prove an analogue for a Liouville domain and contact circle actions on its boundary. Applications include results concerning the symplectic mapping class group and the fundamental group of the group of contactomorphisms.Comment: v2: revision; 31 pages; 3 figure

BUSINESS ETHICS THROUGH THE PRISM OF MORAL DILEMMAS OF THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION IN MONTENEGRO

Having in mind that many professions in modern business conditions abound in introduction of the code of ethics, International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) has prepared the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. Since the collapse of big companies and inadequate reliability ratings of financial statements by major auditing companies, the issue of the quality of the financial statements, which serve as the basis for all business decisions and ultimately direct the development of each company, comes to the fore. The paper aims to show the impact of business ethics, and moral dilemmas to the level of quality of financial reporting. The work is based on the hypothesis that companies with a greater degree of commitment and business ethics have a higher level of quality of the financial statements in respect of those companies which are characterized by a lower level of business commitment. The fulfilment of the set objective of this paper requires its structuring into two parts. The first part will be an overview of the importance of the accounting profession, its ethical dimension and the role it plays in achieving the quality of financial reporting. The second part of the paper concerns practical review of the processed theoretical issues through the example of neighbouring countries that are at the stage of EU accession or are already full members of the European family

Optimising oscillating waveform-shape for pore size sensitivity in diffusion-weighted MR

Optimising the shape of a generalised gradient waveform (GEN) in diffusion-weighted MR has been shown to, in theory, greatly increase sensitivity to pore size. The broad class of optimised shapes takes simple oscillatory forms. To speed up convergence of the optimisation, improve computation times and make the waveforms more practical, here we explore various oscillatory waveforms constructed from trapezoidal and sinusoidal shapes and compare their performance with the optimised GEN waveform. The oscillating waveforms are optimised to maximise sensitivity to parameters, such as axon radius, intra-cellular volume fraction and diffusion constants, of a simple white matter model. Simulation experiments find that all oscillating waveforms we tried perform significantly better than the original generalised waveform due to the improved convergence of the optimisation. Differences among the oscillating shapes however are very small and although a truncated sinusoidal waveform consistently gives the lowest cost function, no significant difference in the estimated model parameters was found. Therefore the simplest choice, i.e. the trapezoidal parametrisation, seems sufficient for most practical purposes

Realistic simulation of artefacts in diffusion MRI for validating post-processing correction techniques

AbstractIn this paper we demonstrate a simulation framework that enables the direct and quantitative comparison of post-processing methods for diffusion weighted magnetic resonance (DW-MR) images. DW-MR datasets are employed in a range of techniques that enable estimates of local microstructure and global connectivity in the brain. These techniques require full alignment of images across the dataset, but this is rarely the case. Artefacts such as eddy-current (EC) distortion and motion lead to misalignment between images, which compromise the quality of the microstructural measures obtained from them. Numerous methods and software packages exist to correct these artefacts, some of which have become de-facto standards, but none have been subject to rigorous validation. In the literature, improved alignment is assessed using either qualitative visual measures or quantitative surrogate metrics. Here we introduce a simulation framework that allows for the direct, quantitative assessment of techniques, enabling objective comparisons of existing and future methods. DW-MR datasets are generated using a process that is based on the physics of MRI acquisition, which allows for the salient features of the images and their artefacts to be reproduced. We apply this framework in three ways. Firstly we assess the most commonly used method for artefact correction, FSL's eddy_correct, and compare it to a recently proposed alternative, eddy. We demonstrate quantitatively that using eddy_correct leads to significant errors in the corrected data, whilst eddy is able to provide much improved correction. Secondly we investigate the datasets required to achieve good correction with eddy, by looking at the minimum number of directions required and comparing the recommended full-sphere acquisitions to equivalent half-sphere protocols. Finally, we investigate the impact of correction quality by examining the fits from microstructure models to real and simulated data

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN PROMOTING YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MONTENEGRO

The support for youth entrepreneurship in Montenegro is strong. The focus of the entrepreneurship programme at the faculty of economics at University of Montenegro is mostly on youth. There are several other organisations such as The Montenegrin American Youth Alumni Association (MAYAA), and The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), which also organize a variety of presentations and workshops for students to pursue entrepreneurship. Recently one Montenegrin student’s business plan, a proposal for the establishment of the Centre for Professional Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities, won the national competition in Montenegro, and was ultimately named the winner of the overall Europe-wide competition. However, the analysis shows that although in the areas of youth participation, significant progress has been made in the last several years, youth entrepreneurship programme in Montenegro is still in its early phase of development and needs strong sustainable commitment, assuring the development and efficient functioning of various youth participation mechanisms at the local, regional and national level. It is also essential to continue to standardize and support youth work, youth information and non-formal business education of young people. Surveys show that young people in Montenegro believe they have much to offer and can significantly contribute to all areas of the society’s development. However, their potential remains greatly unused due to the certain obstacles that they face. There are needs for encouragement of the youth informing them about how to participate in all aspects of society. This study is focused on investigation of the analysis of the opportunities and challenges that youth entrepreneurs face in contributing to all areas of the development in Montenegro. A quality research of several successful young entrepreneurs will be presented

Learning organisations: A literature review and critique

Approved for Public Release - UnclassifiedA literature review on the Learning Organisation field was conducted, examining the dominant assumptions and creating a solid foundation for the practical application of the learning organisation concept to the Australian Army. In order to examine the literature's dominant assumptions, we asked the following questions: (i) What are the various meanings attributed to learning organisations?; (ii) What sorts of learnings are privileged within the literature?; (iii) What are the key characteristics or "building blocks" that make up a learning organisation? We discovered that the learning organisation construct represents an evolution from bureaucratic and performance-based organisational form to innovative and flexible organisations. In surveying the literature, other factors found to impact on learning organisations included cognitive, social, cultural, technological and structural elements. For example, learning organisations apply increasingly sophisticated understanding of knowledge and personnel management to best exploit their social, intellectual and knowledge capital. In contrast, some factors are not adequately explored in the literature; for example, the significance of power relations, hierarchy and authority on learning within and by organisations has not been fully elucidated. There is an increasing number of studies investigating the direct impact of developing a learner-centric approach on organisational outcomes; the number of studies linking learning to improved organisational performance is growing. There are real, significant and measureable benefits of developing the learning capabilities of an organisation.Steven Talbot, Christina Stothard, Maya Drobnjak and Denise McDowal

Double oscillating diffusion encoding and sensitivity to microscopic anisotropy

PURPOSE: To introduce a novel diffusion pulse sequence, namely double oscillating diffusion encoding (DODE), and to investigate whether it adds sensitivity to microscopic diffusion anisotropy (µA) compared to the well-established double diffusion encoding (DDE) methodology. METHODS: We simulate measurements from DODE and DDE sequences for different types of microstructures exhibiting restricted diffusion. First, we compare the effect of varying pulse sequence parameters on the DODE and DDE signal. Then, we analyse the sensitivity of the two sequences to the microstructural parameters (pore diameter and length) which determine µA. Finally, we investigate specificity of measurements to particular substrate configurations. RESULTS: Simulations show that DODE sequences exhibit similar signal dependence on the relative angle between the two gradients as DDE sequences, however, the effect of varying the mixing time is less pronounced. The sensitivity analysis shows that in substrates with elongated pores and various orientations, DODE sequences increase the sensitivity to pore diameter, while DDE sequences are more sensitive to pore length. Moreover, DDE and DODE sequence parameters can be tailored to enhance/suppress the signal from a particular range of substrates. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of DODE and DDE sequences maximize sensitivity to µA, compared to using just the DDE method. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine