The Potential Contributions of Mutually Consistent, Sectorally Disaggregated Economic Models to Analyses of National Environmental Policies and Global Environmental Interdependence

Much of the contemporary concern for ’“structural change” in advanced economies has its origins in the significant changes in patterns of international trade which have occurred over the last two decades. While these changes in trade patterns are the joint consequences of developments in a number of interrelated dimensions (e.g., differentials in rates of technological innovation and diffusion and differential changes in relative factor prices, in rates of savings and capital formation, in the vintage of the capital stock and in primary materials and energy prices and availabilities), a growing emphasis in a number of countries on the environmental consequences of productive activities has constituted an important contributing factor, serving to discourage apparently “environmentally-adverse” (“ pollutionintensive”) production in some countries and to encourage the transfer of that production to countries in which environmental concerns are less intense (or impinge less severely on productive activity)

Urban Highways and the Demise of Private Mass Transit in the United States

Public policies exert critical influences on the structure and composition of economic activity. This paper is the first of a series planned by the author on the general subject of "constitutionalism and incrementalism" in predominantly market economies. Focusing on the progressive displacement of mass transit by the private auto in local transportation and on the concomitant conversion of mass transit to a primarily public-sector activity, the paper provides a concrete setting for the conceptual and analytical studies which will follow