(R1519) On Some Geometric Properties of Non-null Curves via its Position Vectors in \mathbb{R}_1^3

In this work, the geometric properties of non-null curves lying completely on spacelike surface via its position vectors in the dimensional Minkowski 3-space \mathbb{R}_1^3 are studied. Also, we give a few portrayals for the spacelike curves which lie on certain subspaces of \mathbb{R}_1^3. Finally, we present an application to demonstrate our insights

On geometry of spherical image in Minkowski space-time with timelike type-2 parallel transport frame

In this paper, we investigate a different type of the parallel transport frame in 3-dimensional Minkowski space R^3_1 by using the binormal vector field of a timelike regular curve as common vector field to introduce, and we recall this frame as timelike type-2 parallel transport frame . Also, we present new spherical images and call them as timelike type-2 parallel transport spherical images by translating the induced frame vectors to the center of unit Lorentzian sphere in 3-dimensional Minkowski space R^3_1. Additionally, we obtain the Frenet apparatus of these new spherical images in terms of base curves timelike type-2 parallel transport invariants. Finally, interesting relations are expressed and illustrate an example of the results

Not Yet Dead: The Establishment and Regulation of Slavery by the Islamic State

The Islamic State is an organization at the nexus of modern slavery and terrorism. This article provides the first in-depth analysis of how it regulated slavery. With a consideration of gendered approaches, it applies multiple data sources to reveal a three-part assessment of the forms, establishment, and regulation of slavery from 2014 to 2017. Beginning with the August 2014 Sinjar massacre, it reveals the logistics of slavery through an innovative process entitled the Division and Regulation of Enslavement Framework. It concludes with a discussion on the domestic and international aspects of this crime, detailing recommendations for research and policy

THE ACADEMIC AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF SAUDI INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE U.S. HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The purpose of this research study was to examine the factors that affect the social and academic integration of Saudi Arabian international students in U.S. higher education institutions. Tinto's student departure model was used to explain the personal, psychological, engagement, university, faculty, and financial factors that could predict Saudi Arabian students' persistence propensity. The researcher sought to illustrate the relationship between these factors and students' persistence propensity, as well as the statistically significant differences in these factors based on demographic factors. Participants were Saudi Arabian students enrolled in U.S. institutions during the fall semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. The researcher collected data through an online survey questionnaire that included close-ended and open-ended questions. The researcher used SPSS and coding to analyze the data and to answer research questions. Findings indicate that factors found in Tinto's student departure model could predict students' persistence propensity and explained their academic and social integration, with the most impactful factors being personal, university services, and faculty interaction. Findings also indicate that students' persistence and integration are affected differently based on demographic factors. Specifically, personal factors were more likely to predict the persistence of graduate students and students working part-time; male and single students were more likely to engage in on-campus and off-campus activities; and graduate students, 36 years old or older, and those with more than three children were more satisfied with faculty support. The findings of this research provide important practical and theoretical implications for preparing and supporting Saudi Arabian students as well as international students prior to and during their study abroad experiences

The citizen challenging the state: Islamic State and the recruitment of foreign fighters

This thesis critically examines the role of the Islamic State’s foreign fighter. It argues that the projection in propaganda of reflexive, foreign fighters and migrants operates as a recruitment device. This evidence challenges current assumptions of foreign fighters, who are often tautologically confined to “religious ideological” motivations in a group pre-determined as religiously ideological. It reveals that the Islamic State is acutely aware of its salience as a competitive political actor, attempting to provoke a sense of political agency through an articulation of the fragile conditions in the citizen-state relationship. This thesis is organised around three articles. The introduction contextualises the relevance of the Islamic State, followed by a literature review. Article one is a conceptual article, entitled “Articulating Political Agency: Foreign Fighters and the Dynamics of Authority”. It critically evaluates the ideological categorisation of the Islamic State and its foreign fighters before presenting an alternative consideration of membership through authority recognition. Article two, entitled, “‘Now is the Time to Wake up’: Islamic State Narratives of Political Awareness”, applies an innovative, blended methodology to foreign fighter recruitment material. It proves that narratives of political awareness in citizen-state relations scaffold religious themes. The final article is entitled, “Sexual Suppression and Political Agency: Evoking a Woman’s Support for the Islamic State”. It scrutinises an exclusive, “state” sanctioned, woman-authored advice column of the Islamic State. It first contextualises the salience of the column before exhibiting how the narratives provoke support through a multi- pronged approach at challenging state and patriarchal authority. The conclusion presents the implications of this thesis, detailing how the findings evidence that new conceptual and methodological approaches are necessary to understand the recruitment devices in contemporary religious terrorist organisations that compete for transnational support

Acne Scar Management: Minoxidil as a Promising Approach or a Mirage?

Atrophic and hypertrophic scars can result from various conditions, such as acne, trauma, and surgery. Minoxidil, a medication used for the treatment of severe hypertension and hair loss, has been explored as a potential treatment for scars. This review aims to evaluate the current evidence regarding the role of minoxidil in the treatment of scars. Previously published reviews have primarily focused on the use of minoxidil in hair loss and have only briefly mentioned its potential use for scars. However, minoxidil may have a beneficial effect as an antifibrotic agent. Several studies have reported reduced collagen accumulation and fibrosis after treatment with minoxidil. The proposed mechanism of action is inhibition of the production of lysyl hydroxylases (LHs), which modify and cross-link proteins by converting lysine to hydroxylysine, making collagen more resistant to degradation. Minoxidil, as an LH inhibitor, has been shown to potentially benefit wound healing and regeneration in vitro by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. To date, direct studies of the efficacy of minoxidil in treating acne scars have not been conducted; however, its inhibitory effects on fibroblast function and antifibrotic outcomes in some in vivo studies suggest that such use may be considered

Characterizing non-totally geodesic spheres in a unit sphere

A concircular vector field $\mathbf{u}$ on the unit sphere $\mathbf{S}^{n+1}$ induces a vector field $\mathbf{w}$ on an orientable hypersurface $M$ of the unit sphere $\mathbf{S}^{n+1}$, simply called the induced vector field on the hypersurface $M$. Moreover, there are two smooth functions, $f$ and $\sigma$, defined on the hypersurface $M$, where $f$ is the restriction of the potential function $\overline{f}$ of the concircural vector field $\mathbf{u}$ on the unit sphere $\mathbf{S}^{n+1}$ to $M$ and $\sigma$ is defined as $g\left(\mathbf{u}, N\right)$, where $N$ is the unit normal to the hypersurface. In this paper, we show that if function $f$ on the compact hypersurface satisfies the Fischer–Marsden equation and the integral of the squared length of the vector field $\mathbf{w}$ has a certain lower bound, then a characterization of a small sphere in the unit sphere $\mathbf{S}^{n+1}$ is produced. Additionally, we find another characterization of a small sphere using a lower bound on the integral of the Ricci curvature of the compact hypersurface $M$ in the direction of the vector field $\mathbf{w}$ with a non-zero function $\sigma$