Parental Influence on Wards in Escalation of Examination Misconduct in Nigeria

This paper sets out to examine parental influence on wards in examination misconduct in Nigeria. The study uses perceptions of 545 respondents in a Private Christian Mission University in the country to examine the most frequent ways by which parents influence their wards to engage in examination misconduct. Moreover, the study investigates whether there is a relationship between parental influence on ward in examination misconduct and societal value for certificates. It also identified reasons for non implementation of laws on examination misconduct and also proffers solutions to this social ill in the country. The study employs differential association to explain the topic under discussion. It uses questionnaire and in-depth interview to collect information from respondents. Ranking, percentage and 3 ways analysis of variance were used to analyse data collected. However, our result shows that: There is a relationship between parental influence on ward in examination misconduct and societal value for certificates. Respondents’ attributed major reasons for non-implementation of laws on examination misconduct in the country to: involvement of the children of government functionaries, bribery and corruption etc. Lastly, respondents suggested full implementation of laws on examination misconduct, open show of students caught for misconduct in media among others as solutions to this social problem

Impacts of Societal Prejudice on Attainment of Life/Personal Goals of Physically Challenged Persons in Nigeria.

Physically challenged persons seem not to have found enough help from the society in underdeveloped countries. Hence, they are confronted with social constraints, which have not been given adequate attention in the literature. This study is a reaction to this problem in Nigeria. It examines reasons why the society stigmatizes physically challenged individuals, instead of helping them. Drawing on the opinions of respondents from Lagos Island and Friends of Ours Disabled Institute (FODI), Lagos, this paper reported ten reasons why the government fails to implement the UN decisions on disabled persons, in spite of the fact that Nigeria was one of the original eighty signatories to the adoption of these decisions. Relying on the data from a survey of 825 respondents, the study attempted to discover if any significant relationship exists between the societal perception of physically challenged persons and their attainment of life/personal goals. Our findings have sociological, psychological, emotional and economical implications for physically challenged persons in underdeveloped societies

A Study of E-Cheating Habit of Students in Three Selected Universities in Nigeria.

Several studies have emerged on examination misconduct in Nigeria, but „e-cheating‟ habit of students, a new form of examination fraud is yet to be given adequate attention in the literature. This study is provoked to address this problem not only in the country but also in academic scholarship. Using three selected Universities samples, the study examines methods which students are using in engaging ICTs to perpetuate examination misconduct. Relying on raw data of one hundred and ninetynine (199) students retrieved, the study attempted to uncover if a significant difference exists in echeating habit between ICT-compliant students and other students in rubrics not science-oriented. It equally tried to discover if there is a significant difference in e-cheatng habit between male and female students. Drawing on the recorded data in each institution, the study reported five ICT tools associated with examination misconduct. Using chi-square (X2) to test the hypotheses, the study reported a significant difference between ICT-complinat students and other students in rubrics not scienceoriented. Finally, it revealed a significant difference in e-cheating habit between male and female students

Understanding the Escalation of Brain Drain in Nigeria From Poor Leadership Point of View

Migration of people from one place to another in countries of the world in search of better conditions of living predates history. It ignited western societies’ contact with Africa and the rest of the world. Prior the contact, agriculture was the main stay of Africa’s economy. Thus, the movement of farmers from one location to another in search of fertile grounds for cultivation was in vogue. After independence in Nigeria, cattle rearers are known for relocating from the North to South during dry season in search of green grass to sustain their cattle and occupation. In the present day Nigeria, the same scenario still abounds but in a new dimension. It now involves movement of highly skilled manpower from the country to developed societies. Among other things, this paper finds out if there is a relationship between poor leadership of the country and escalation of brain drain. Simple percentage and ranking method was used to analyze the study’s data. Chi-square was used to test its hypothesis. Our result revealed a relationship between poor leadership of the country and brain drain. It equally indicated that students are interested in travelling out of the country to developed societies after their study. Also from the study, twelve causes of brain drain were indentified. Some of them are: mass unemployment, poor salaries and conditions of service, mass poverty, crises-religious, communal, political, education etc. In respect of effects of brain drain on the nation’s economy, eleven factors were identified by the respondents. Some of them are: loss of human capital assets to man various institutions in the country, loss of tax of migrated manpower to foreign countries, loss of capital invested in education of migrated manpower assets etc. Finally, eleven solutions were profiled to the lingering problem of brain drain. The most important ones are: Good leadership, salary and conditions of service as well as rewarding system for diligent staff, mass employment etc

Influence of Traumatization and Category of “Biafran– Nigerian” Civil War Veterans on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among War Survivors

The study examine the long lasting effect of traumatization (Nigeria-Biafra war zone combat trauma) as well as recurrent flooding of traumatic events (ethnic conflict, religious conflict and political conflict) in Biafra “pogrom” survivors. Seventy six Biafran war survivors made up of 18(23.68%) disabled (wounded) combatant Biafran war veterans at Orji township, 30(39.47%) were combatant war survivors and 28(36.85%) were non-combatant war survivors from Anambra and Enugu marginalized cities in Nigeria. The Los Angles symptom checklist (King, Leskin, Foy and David, 1995) was used to assess their levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There were significant differences in the group's experience of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The disabled combatants Biafran war survivors had significantly high experience of PTSD than the combatant and non-combatant Biafran war veterans. The combatant war veterans that had experienced intense ethnic, political or religious conflict following the Biafran war had significantly high PTSD than those that had not. One possible implication of this finding is that episodic or enduring posttraumatic stress disorders can still afflict survivors leading to psychological impairments on the individual long after the initial onset of the traumatic event. Subsequent experience of extreme stress disorder reinforces the PTSD sequels in a survivor. The psychologist, Nigerian government, the multinational humanitarian organizations, and other mental health stake holders are to respond to the findings by providing psychotherapy and psychological rehabilitation to these survivors

Putting the burden of proof in its place: When are differential allocations legitimate?

It is widely assumed that legitimate differential allocations of the burden of proof are ubiquitous: that in all cases in which opposing views are being debated, one side has the responsibility of proving their claim and if they fail, the opposing view wins by default. We argue that the cases in which one party has the burden of proof are exceptions. In general, participants in reasoned discourse are all required to provide reasons for the claims they make. We distinguish between truth-directed and non-truth-directed discourse, argue that the paradigm contexts in which there are legitimate differential allocations of the burden of proof (law and formal debate) are non-truth-directed, and suggest that in truth-directed contexts, except in certain special cases, differential allocation of the burden of proof is not warranted

Tel-Communicology and its use in evaluating the auditory comprehension abilities of adults with aphasia

MA. University of Kansas, Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences and Disorders 200

Changes in Property Tax Progressivity for Florida Homeowners after the “Save Our Homes Amendment?

The “Save Our Homes Amendment?to Florida’s constitution limits annual increases in the taxable value of a homestead property to 3 percent or the rate of inflation (whichever is less) as long as the property is owned by the same owner. The amount of property value protected from taxation throughout the state by this amendment has grown to over $246 billion (13.9 percent of total property value) since the amendment’s implementation in 1995. This study tests whether the protection has accrued disproportionately over time among homestead property owners, the very group of people the amendment was intended to protect. The results suggest that the amendment has reduced the degree of progressivity in the state’s property tax system such that the owners of lower value home properties are shouldering an increasing proportion of the property tax burden relative to the owners of higher value homestead properties. The differential impacts of the SOHA across value ranges of homestead properties are likely attributable to differential appreciation and ownership transfers for higher and lower value homestead properties throughout the state.

Identifying Determinants of Horizontal Property Tax Inequity: Evidence from Florida

In the property tax literature, an ad valorem property tax is considered equitable if all properties in the taxing jurisdiction are subject to the same effective tax rate. That is, all properties, regardless of value or type, should be taxed at the same percentage of their market value. Because market value is a theoretical construct and not directly observable, errors in estimating market value may result in systematic inequity, with some properties taxed at higher effective rates than others. This study extends previous research on property tax inequity by examining potential determinants of errors in the property valuation process for a sample of single-family homes in Palm Beach County, Florida. The results indicate that assessment difficulty (as measured by the variation around the mean assessment to transaction price ratio) is positively related to lot size, living area, age of the home and the percentage of minority residents in the neighborhood and is negatively related to market activity levels, resident income levels, whether the property is the permanent residence of its owner, and whether the property has a swimming pool. The generality of these results is limited by the use of transaction price as a proxy for unobservable market value.