Aromatic Cation Activation: Nucleophilic Substitution of Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids

A new method for the nucleophilic substitution of alcohols and carboxylic acids using aromatic tropyliumcation activation has been developed. This article reports the use of chloro tropylium chloride for the rapid generation of alkyl halides and acyl chlorides under very mild reaction conditions. It demonstrates, for the first time, the synthetic potential of tropylium cations in promoting chemical transformations

Clima urbano e saúde: uma revisão sistematizada da literatura recente

Foi feita revisão sistematizada de 67 artigos sobre o tema Clima Urbano e Saúde a partir de busca nas plataformas Web of Science e Pub Med. Os artigos foram organizados por data de publicação, país de realização do estudo, por temas: metodologias; evidências de riscos à saúde por estresse térmico e por doenças infecciosas relacionadas ao clima; mitigação dos extremos do clima urbano por vegetação e outras formas; cobenefícios e articulações políticas

Genetic correlation between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and schizophrenia

We have previously shown higher-than-expected rates of schizophrenia in relatives of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting an aetiological relationship between the diseases. Here, we investigate the genetic relationship between ALS and schizophrenia using genome-wide association study data from over 100,000 unique individuals. Using linkage disequilibrium score regression, we estimate the genetic correlation between ALS and schizophrenia to be 14.3% (7.05-21.6; P=1 × 10) with schizophrenia polygenic risk scores explaining up to 0.12% of the variance in ALS (P=8.4 × 10). A modest increase in comorbidity of ALS and schizophrenia is expected given these findings (odds ratio 1.08-1.26) but this would require very large studies to observe epidemiologically. We identify five potential novel ALS-associated loci using conditional false discovery rate analysis. It is likely that shared neurobiological mechanisms between these two disorders will engender novel hypotheses in future preclinical and clinical studies