Understanding the progress of sustainable urban development through energy performance

The development of energy efficient buildings has been identified as a crucial part of the challenge to reach climate targets. Energy performance requirements are one of the most concrete and actionable parts of the sustainability program of urban development processes. However, after construction, there is often a lack of evaluation and follow-up of the energy performance requirements for the buildings, which limits the understanding of the state and progress of sustainable urban development processes and the ability to capture lessons learned related to energy performance. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into how the actual energy performance of buildings relates to the development process of an urban district that has been developed with a high sustainability profile. The urban district of Kvilleb\ue4cken (Gothenburg, Sweden) is used as a case study. The results of this paper contribute to a better understanding of the efficiency of the energy performance requirement as a tool during the urban development process, taking the actual energy performance of the buildings as a starting point

A neighbourhood theorem for submanifolds in generalized complex geometry

We study neighbourhoods of submanifolds in generalized complex geometry. Our first main result provides sufficient criteria for such a submanifold to admit a neighbourhood on which the generalized complex structure is B-field equivalent to a holomorphic Poisson structure. This is intimately tied with our second main result, which is a rigidity theorem for generalized complex deformations of holomorphic Poisson structures. Specifically, on a compact manifold with boundary we provide explicit conditions under which any generalized complex perturbation of a holomorphic Poisson structure is B-field equivalent to another holomorphic Poisson structure. The proofs of these results require two analytical tools: Hodge decompositions on almost complex manifolds with boundary, and the Nash-Moser algorithm. As a concrete application of these results, we show that on a four-dimensional generalized complex submanifold which is generically symplectic, a neighbourhood of the entire complex locus is B-field equivalent to a holomorphic Poisson structure. Furthermore, we use the neighbourhood theorem to develop the theory of blowing down submanifolds in generalized complex geometry.Comment: 36 pages, minor change