Apprentissage de la langue, espace intercuItureI et renforcement de la cultme première

Ⅱ ne Si agit pas ici, eulement, de parler ct' apprentissge de la langue, de définir les notions de culture, de culturel, de multiculturel; il s'agit surtout, à partir de tout cela de vous présenter le concept d'interculturel; c'est aussi par rétroaction, par rapport à ce Qualitatif dynamique d'interculturel. de vous faire réfléchir sur les fins, sur les buts de notre enseignement, qui est un enseignement essentiellement non positiviste; Cf est enfin de montrer l'intérêt fécondant de l'interculture1 sur la prise de conscience de la culture de départ. Tout d'abord. deux rappels. Et pour conunencer une première question. Pourquoi parler de culture à des personnes intéressées à la langue? Vous le savez aussi bien Que moi: parce Que la langue est l'un des axes dynamiques de la culture. La culture, elle, recouvre, reflète, pour ensuite décoder. tout ce Qui est original, singulier, propre à une ethnie, à une nation et qui. en plus de l'univers de la parole, de la communication. qui intéressent particulièrement les professeurs de langue, comprend aussi ceux du mythe, de 1 r idée, de la raison, de la conscience, des rites et des croyances même

Reframing talent identification as a status-organising process:Examining talent hierarchies through data mining

We examine how peers form talent appraisals of team members, reframing talent identification as a status-organising social process. Using decision trees, we modelled configurations of characteristics and behaviours that predicted dominant versus parallel routes to achieving the status of most talented team member. Across 44 multidisciplinary teams, talent status was most often granted to peers perceived as having both leadership and analytic talent; a STEM degree served a dominant signalling function. Where previous studies assumed that degree operates as a specific status characteristic, we show that a STEM degree operates as a diffuse status characteristic, which predicts status in general. We thus discovered that status hierarchies in teams are also based on the type of talent—and not just the level of talent—members are perceived to possess. In so doing, we offer a proof of concept of what we call ‘talent hierarchies’ in teams, for future research to build on

Osnove problematike audio-vizualne globalno-strukturalne metode

• »La langue individuelle est la seule et unique langue réelle«. R. Jakobson • »Nur Peripherische«. R. Jakobson • »L\u27activité de l\u27homme qui s\u27est fait un tableau du monde, change la réalite« Lénine • »On fait toujours de la philosophie quand on parle du langage« P. Guberina Dédié au Professeur Petar Guberina à l\u27occasion de son soixante-quinzième anniversaire L\u27auteur étudie la problématique du SGAV (Méthodologie audio-visuelle structuro-globale) du point de vue historique et épistémologique. Il considère que la méthodologie est antipositiviste et qu\u27elle offre les possibilités d\u27acquisition des savoirs sans recettes en se basant sur les capacités créatrices de l\u27élève. L\u27auteur avance l\u27idée que la théorie du SGAV---qui fait partie de la théorie verbotonale -est en résonance avec certaines idées de Hegel, les prémisses linguistiques de Bailly et de Jakobson, et que la linguistique pragmatique actuelle contient des éléments importants de la théorie du SGAV -verbotonale.Autor proučava problematiku SGAV-a (Audio-vizualna globalno-strukturalna metoda) s historijskog i epistemološkog stanovišta. To je vrlo originalna analiza AVGS - verbotonalne metode - jer uz iznošenje ovisnih principa proučava u teoriji i sljedeće: 1) Teorija je anti-pozitivistička; 2) Postoji puna veza između primjene i teorije; 3) Ta metoda i ta teorija pružaju mogućnosti znanja, učenja, saznavanja bez recepata; 4) Teorija istovremeno ima svoje veze s teorijama Hegela, Saussure-a, Bailly-a i Jakobsona, a najnovija fenomenologija i lingvistička pragmatika imaju mnogo dodirnih točaka s AVGS - verbotonalnom teorijom; 5) Ova teorija - primjena daje djeci veliku mogućnost kreativnosti. Ona je uvijek široka i slobodna lepeza koja dodiruje individuum i socijalno-kulturnu okolinu

Exploiting local and repeated structure in dynamic Bayesian networks

status: publishe

TP-Compilation for inference in probabilistic logic programs

We propose TP -compilation, a new inference technique for probabilistic logic programs that is based on forward reasoning. TP -compilation proceeds incrementally in that it interleaves the knowledge compilation step for weighted model counting with forward reasoning on the logic program. This leads to a novel anytime algorithm that provides hard bounds on the inferred probabilities. The main difference with existing inference techniques for probabilistic logic programs is that these are a sequence of isolated transformations. Typically, these transformations include conversion of the ground program into an equivalent propositional formula and compilation of this formula into a more tractable target representation for weighted model counting. An empirical evaluation shows that TP -compilation effectively handles larger instances of complex or cyclic real-world problems than current sequential approaches, both for exact and anytime approximate inference. Furthermore, we show that TP -compilation is conducive to inference in dynamic domains as it supports efficient updates to the compiled model

Further Characterization of Activin A-induced IgA Response in Murine B Lymphocytes

We have recently shown that activin A, a member of TGF-β superfamily, stimulates mouse B cells to express IgA isotype but other isotypes. In the present study, we further characterized effects of activin A on B cell growth and IgA expression. We found that activin A did not have effect on LPS-stimulated cell viability. In parallel, CFSE staining analysis revealed that activin A did not alter cell division. An increase of IgA secretion by activin A was completely abrogated by anti-activin A Ab but not by anti-TGFβ1 Ab. In the same conditions, no other isotypes are significantly affected by each antibody treatment. Finally, activin A, as similar to TGF-β1, increased IgA secretion by mesenteric lymph node cells. These results suggest that activin A can specifically stimulate IgA response, independent of TGF-β in the gut

Exploiting local and repeated structure in Dynamic Bayesian Networks

We introduce the structural interface algorithm for exact probabilistic inference in Dynamic Bayesian Networks. It unifies state-of-the-art techniques for inference in static and dynamic networks, by combining principles of knowledge compilation with the interface algorithm. The resulting algorithm not only exploits the repeated structure in the network, but also the local structure, including determinism, parameter equality and context-specific independence. Empirically, we show that the structural interface algorithm speeds up inference in the presence of local structure, and scales to larger and more complex networks

Ten lessons on the resilience of the EU common fisheries policy towards climate change and fuel efficiency - A call for adaptive, flexible and well-informed fisheries management

To effectively future-proof the management of the European Union fishing fleets we have explored a suite of case studies encompassing the northeast and tropical Atlantic, the Mediterranean, Baltic and Black Seas. This study shows that European Union (EU) fisheries are likely resilient to climate-driven short-term stresses, but may be negatively impacted by long-term trends in climate change. However, fisheries' long-term stock resilience can be improved (and therefore be more resilient to increasing changes in climate) by adopting robust and adaptive fisheries management, provided such measures are based on sound scientific advice which includes uncertainty. Such management requires regular updates of biological reference points. Such updates will delineate safe biological limits for exploitation, providing both high long-term yields with reduced risk of stock collapse when affected by short-term stresses, and enhanced compliance with advice to avoid higher than intended fishing mortality. However, high resilience of the exploited ecosystem does not necessarily lead to the resilience of the economy of EU fisheries from suffering shocks associated with reduced yields, neither to a reduced carbon footprint if fuel use increases from lower stock abundances. Fuel consumption is impacted by stock development, but also by changes in vessel and gear technologies, as well as fishing techniques. In this respect, energy-efficient fishing technologies already exist within the EU, though implementing them would require improving the uptake of innovations and demonstrating to stakeholders the potential for both reduced fuel costs and increased catch rates. A transition towards reducing fuel consumption and costs would need to be supported by the setup of EU regulatory instruments. Overall, to effectively manage EU fisheries within a changing climate, flexible, adaptive, well-informed and well-enforced management is needed, with incentives provided for innovations and ocean literacy to cope with the changing conditions, while also reducing the dependency of the capture fishing industry on fossil fuels. To support such management, we provide 10 lessons to characterize 'win-win' fishing strategies for the European Union, which develop leverages in which fishing effort deployed corresponds to Maximum Sustainable Yield targets and Common Fisheries Policy minimal effects objectives. In these strategies, higher catch is obtained in the long run, less fuel is spent to attain the catch, and the fisheries have a higher resistance and resilience to shock and long-term factors to face climate-induced stresses

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in bone turnover-related genes in Koreans: ethnic differences in linkage disequilibrium and haplotype

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Osteoporosis is defined as the loss of bone mineral density that leads to bone fragility with aging. Population-based case-control studies have identified polymorphisms in many candidate genes that have been associated with bone mass maintenance or osteoporotic fracture. To investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with osteoporosis, we examined the genetic variation among Koreans by analyzing 81 genes according to their function in bone formation and resorption during bone remodeling.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We resequenced all the exons, splice junctions and promoter regions of candidate osteoporosis genes using 24 unrelated Korean individuals. Using the common SNPs from our study and the HapMap database, a statistical analysis of deviation in heterozygosity depicted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 942 variants, including 888 SNPs, 43 insertion/deletion polymorphisms, and 11 microsatellite markers. Of the SNPs, 557 (63%) had been previously identified and 331 (37%) were newly discovered in the Korean population. When compared SNPs in the Korean population with those in HapMap database, 1% (or less) of SNPs in the Japanese and Chinese subpopulations and 20% of those in Caucasian and African subpopulations were significantly differentiated from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. In addition, an analysis of the genetic diversity showed that there were no significant differences among Korean, Han Chinese and Japanese populations, but African and Caucasian populations were significantly differentiated in selected genes. Nevertheless, in the detailed analysis of genetic properties, the LD and Haplotype block patterns among the five sub-populations were substantially different from one another.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Through the resequencing of 81 osteoporosis candidate genes, 118 unknown SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.05 were discovered in the Korean population. In addition, using the common SNPs between our study and HapMap, an analysis of genetic diversity and deviation in heterozygosity was performed and the polymorphisms of the above genes among the five populations were substantially differentiated from one another. Further studies of osteoporosis could utilize the polymorphisms identified in our data since they may have important implications for the selection of highly informative SNPs for future association studies.</p