Classification of intellectual disability according to domains of adaptive functioning and between-domains discrepancy in adults with epilepsy

Background In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth edition (DSM-5), the diagnostic criteria of intellectual disability (ID) include three domains of adaptive deficits: the conceptual, social and practical. Substantial intra-individual differences between domains can be considered an ID domain discrepancy. Method We explored the associations between ID domains, discrepancies and epilepsy in 189 adults (mean age = 47.9; SD = 15.6). Each DSM-5 ID domain was assessed separately, using subscales of the Vineland II for the social and practical domains, and psychological instruments, including intelligence tests, for the conceptual domain. A set of standardised criteria is proposed to identify an ID domain discrepancy. Results An ID domain discrepancy seemed to be present in about one-third of subjects and was particularly present in subjects with moderate ID (53.4%). Impairment in the social domain was most often the reason for the discrepancy. The presence of a discrepancy was significantly related to a focal (localised) epilepsy type (OR = 2.3, P = .028) and a mixed seizure type (OR = 1.4, P = .009). Epilepsy characteristics that are indicative of a more severe and refractory epilepsy, including various seizure types, a high seizure frequency, a combined epilepsy type (both focal and generalised epilepsy) and an early age at onset, were significantly related to more severe impairments in conceptual, social and practical adaptive behaviour (all P values <.01). Conclusions With a substantial proportion of the subjects who had both ID and epilepsy with an ID discrepancy, professionals should be aware of this and take all domains of ID into account when studying or working with this vulnerable population

Reliability and validity of the Dutch Anxiety, Depression And Mood Scale in adults aged <50 years with intellectual disabilities

Background: Reliable and valid screening instruments for depression and anxiety are needed for adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Internal consistency (n = 198), inter-rater reliability (n = 41), test–retest reliability (n = 37) and criterion validity (n = 43) were studied in adults aged between 18 and 49 years. Internal consistency was also studied in a sample with epilepsy (n = 98). Results: Internal consistencies of the Dutch ADAMS total scale and subscales were satisfactory to good (α = 0.76–0.92), as well as in the subgroup with epilepsy (α = 0.74–0.88). Inter-rater reliability and test–retest reliability were fair to excellent for the total scale (ICC’s: 0.57–0.84) and subscales (ICC’s: 0.43–0.86). The criterion validity of the Dutch ADAMS Depressive Mood subscale was good with a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI: 53%–98%) and a specificity of 80% (95% CI: 64%–90%). Conclusions: Our study shows that the Dutch ADAMS is a reliable and valid instrument for adults aged between 18 and 49 years with intellectual disabilities (and comorbid epilepsy)

Acionamento de Condicionadores de Ar por Controle de Acesso Via Identificação por Rádio Frequência Utilizando Sistemas Embarcados/ Activation of Air Conditioners by Access Control Via Radio Frequency Identification Using Embedded Systems

Este trabalho visa implementar um sistema de controle de acesso via identificação por rádio frequência a um sistema embarcado, capaz de realizar as principais funções (ligar, desligar e mudar a temperatura) de diferentes condicionadores de ar disponíveis no mercado. O sistema utiliza um módulo RFID-RC522 que atua em conjunto com o microcontrolador Atmega2560 embarcado na placa Arduino Mega Pro Mini. Para evitar que pessoas que não estejam cadastradas no sistema acessem os condicionadores de ar, os dados de cadastro são gravados na memória não volátil do microcontrolador, ou seja, se por acaso houver uma queda de energia elétrica, não haverá perda de dados. Após o usuário ter seu acesso permitido,  todas as informações de acesso, bem como as de acionamento dos condicionadores de ar são exibidas em um display LCD 16x2, possibilitando a navegação pelo menu onde é possível realizar diversos comandos referentes ao acionamento dos condicionadores de ar. Após a conclusão do sistema embarcado proposto foram realizados testes com diversos cartões identificadores que comprovaram o funcionamento do controle de acesso, bem como os testes referentes ao acionamento dos condicionadores de ar, acionando com eficiência os condicionadores de ar de diferentes fabricantes situados no Instituto Federal do Ceará Campus Sobral, o que comprovou o funcionamento total do projeto