The Secret of the Court in the Netherlands

The procedural organization of the legal system in the Netherlands is quite different from the North American model. The Dutch legal system forbids the publication of dissenting opinions. There is even a veil of ignorance about unanimity, created by what is secret of the court : justice is handed out in black and white terms, regardless of the judges\u27 motivations. This might create an image of unity and unanimity, and thus promote the legitimacy of jurisprudence, however, this secret of the court also prevents the effects of therapeutic jurisprudence, since those who have won, but even more so those who have lost, would benefit from insight into why the court has ruled and whether or not there was disagreement. I will first look at the Dutch system from two perspectives: legal and sociological. I will then discuss the position of minorities in Dutch law, and finally make some concluding remarks

The climbing boy campaigns in Britain, c1770-1840 : Cultures of reform, languages of health and experiences of childhood

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Terrace Standard, July, 14, 1999

Often, public safety services have to respond to emergency alerts of which little or nothing is known besides the time and location, as is the case of Galileo’s SAR alerts. In such cases the emergency responders have to wait until arriving to the alert location before analysing the situation and defining an action plan, thus using precious time. Autonomous drones can be sent to the location of the alert to quickly provide real-time imagery of the situation to allow emergency responders to analyse and prepare for the situation before responding or during departure to the alert’s origin. Using a GNSS chip to know its position, and based on a geographical model on the area, it is possible to create and load a flight path for the drone to fly autonomously and perform a set of predefined actions, such as broadcasting live video stream, take pictures, drop a survival kit or establish bidirectional communications with the person that threw the alert. This chapter describes the drone-based public safety service in detail and how localisation information is used to support it

Scaffolding geospatial epistemic discomfort: a pedagogical framework for cross-disciplinary landscape research

Current environmental crises call for an integrated knowledge of landscapes and their ecosystems in a broader sense. This article presents a pedagogical framework for cross-disciplinary landscape research at postgraduate level. The framework is grounded in the use of geospatial epistemic discomfort as a creative force to develop and enhance inquiry skills able to cross and merge disciplinary boundaries. Developed within the Erasmus+ KA2 project "CROSSLAND", the pedagogical framework is based on the scaffolding of epistemic discomfort through four key didactic elements: 1) cross-disciplinary group work and open-ended assignment, 2) in-field inquiry as pre-training on space-time, 3) replacement of traditional lectures by student-led seminars, 4) GIS labs centred on the exploration of cross-disciplinary portfolios of geospatial approaches and methods given as worked-out examples. Main results from the evaluation of the framework implementation in a Summer School show how learning cross-disciplinarity happened thanks to a scaffolding that allowed, first and foremost, the socialisation of different conceptualisations of space. While students felt at ease with geospatial epistemic discomfort, we can conclude that spatial cognitive processes are powerful in improving abilities beyond the spatial domain

Association Study of Common Genetic Variants and HIV- 1 Acquisition in 6,300 Infected Cases and 7,200 Controls

Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed in HIV-1 infected individuals, identifying common genetic influences on viral control and disease course. Similarly, common genetic correlates of acquisition of HIV-1 after exposure have been interrogated using GWAS, although in generally small samples. Under the auspices of the International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV, we have combined the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected by 25 cohorts, studies, or institutions on HIV-1 infected individuals and compared them to carefully matched population-level data sets (a list of all collaborators appears in Note S1 in Text S1). After imputation using the 1,000 Genomes Project reference panel, we tested approximately 8 million common DNA variants (SNPs and indels) for association with HIV-1 acquisition in 6,334 infected patients and 7,247 population samples of European ancestry. Initial association testing identified the SNP rs4418214, the C allele of which is known to tag the HLA-B*57:01 and B*27:05 alleles, as genome-wide significant (p = 3.6×10−11). However, restricting analysis to individuals with a known date of seroconversion suggested that this association was due to the frailty bias in studies of lethal diseases. Further analyses including testing recessive genetic models, testing for bulk effects of non-genome-wide significant variants, stratifying by sexual or parenteral transmission risk and testing previously reported associations showed no evidence for genetic influence on HIV-1 acquisition (with the exception ofCCR5Δ32 homozygosity). Thus, these data suggest that genetic influences on HIV acquisition are either rare or have smaller effects than can be detected by this sample size