Rites of passage as the basis of programme development for young people at risk in South Africa

Bibliography: pages 202-207.In traditional indigenous communities, rites of passage provide a binding and supportive function which facilitates the transition of young people from childhood to adulthood. However, in contemporary western society transition rites have largely been forgotten or neglected and this loss has resulted in a hunger for initiation which adolescents often attempt to satisfy by using means which are socially unacceptable. This study attempts to understand the mechanisms which lead adolescents into socially unacceptable behaviour by exploring the potential for using the notion of de-labelling as the basis of intercepting and transforming juvenile deviance. As such, rites of passage are explored from the perspectives of a range of social scientific theories in order to assess the value in these processes tor young people at risk in South Africa. The central findings of this study suggest that it is possible to reinstate rites of passage in the form of a de-labelling programme, but that there is a need to go beyond an isolated programme by providing more systemic containment of young people in the form of community support and mentoring

Immunity to heat shock proteins and arthritic disorders.

Adjuvant arthritis (AA) is a frequently used model of experimental arthritis. Because of its histopathology, which is reminiscent of rheumatoid arthritis in humans, AA is used as a model for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs. Recently, it has become evident that AA is a typical T-cell-mediated autoimmune condition. Therefore, novel immunotherapies targeted to T cells can be developed in this model. Analysis of responding T cells in AA have now led to the definition of various antigens with potential relevance to arthritis, including human arthritic conditions. One such antigen defined in AA is the 60kD heat shock protein. Both T-cell vaccination approaches and active antigen immunizations and antigen toleration approaches have turned out to be effective in suppressing AA

Competition class action damages and the corporate leniency policy

Includes bibliographical references.Cartel conduct constitutes one of the most serious threats to the maintenance of competition in markets. Due to the secretive nature of cartels, and their conduct, they are extremely difficult for the Competition Commission1 (‘the Commission’) to detect, investigate and prosecute.2 Cartels therefore pose a grave threat to the maintenance of competition in markets. Section 4(1)(b) of the Act imposes a per se prohibition on such conduct. Consequently, cartel conduct is treated as one of the most serious breaches of the Act

Decolonizing the Clock: Non-Western Time Constructs in Central American Art and Literature

Given how entrenched Western systems of time have become in our quotidian lives, it has become increasingly important to broaden our perspective of what time is and can be. This year-long project will explore the intersection of time -- from both a textual and a technical perspective -- in Central American literature and art, focusing specifically on non-Western ontological perspectives and Indigenous and Black voices. My project will demonstrate how Central American voices have worked to question and decolonize the dominant Western narrative of time, and -- by bridging forms of often competing epistemes -- my project would consider these perspectives from outside of the once mutually exclusive categories of the humanities and the sciences. Central America itself is also my primary focus because it, too, is an othered voice within Latin America. In this sense, much of this work takes place within \u27the liminal of the liminal\u27, a space-time that deserves amplification. I hope that my work will show others how to better learn from the past and from the future, but most importantly, from non-Western voices. By questioning the linear conception of time we often think of as absolute, my project has the overall goal of decolonizing and decentralizing a Western single story

Submerged Perspectives\u27: Ecocriticism in Central America

In her anthology Poéticas de la destrucción / Poéticas de la preservación, Gisella Heffes defines the term \u27ecocriticism\u27 as a land centered practice from which literary and cultural studies can be researched, analyzed, and explored, specifically through environmental and critical lenses. Using her three subsequent classifications as a launching point, my research was organized into six distinct categories: colonialism, extractivism, the Panama Canal, deforestation, conservation, and post-apocalypse and analyzed how humans, but more specifically, foreign polities, have impacted the Central American landscape. In this interdisciplinary exploration -- consisting of comparative explorations of written texts, visual arts, film, and other media -- I have explored alternatives to Western and colonial views of the environment. These alternatives typically come in the form of what Gómes-Barris calls \u27submerged perspectives\u27: ways of viewing that challenge coloniality and offer a new way of approaching environmental concerns. I have thus focused on how Indigenous and other underrepresented groups have been able to resist ecological destruction through these submerged perspectives; these and other decolonial epistemes that function outside of the colonial framework ultimately have the potential to shift Western hegemony over the natural world