68 research outputs found
The gut-brain axis and the regulation of food intake: The role of GLP-1, from physiology to pharmacotherapy
Drent, M.L. [Promotor]IJzerman, R.G. [Copromotor]Veltman, D.J. [Copromotor
Decreased Hypothalamic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Decreased Hypothalamic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Elevated Postoperative Endogenous GLP-1 Levels Mediate Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Neural Responsivity to Food Cues.
OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that weight reduction and improvements in satiety after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are partly mediated via postoperative neuroendocrine changes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone secreted after food ingestion and is associated with appetite and weight reduction, mediated via effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Secretion of GLP-1 is greatly enhanced after RYGB. We hypothesized that postoperative elevated GLP-1 levels contribute to the improved satiety regulation after RYGB via effects on the CNS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Effects of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin 9-39 (Ex9-39) and placebo were assessed in 10 women before and after RYGB. We used functional MRI to investigate CNS activation in response to visual food cues (pictures) and gustatory food cues (consumption of chocolate milk), comparing results with Ex9-39 versus placebo before and after RYGB. RESULTS: After RYGB, CNS activation was reduced in the rolandic operculum and caudate nucleus in response to viewing food pictures (P = 0.03) and in the insula in response to consumption of palatable food (P = 0.003). GLP-1 levels were significantly elevated postoperatively (P < 0.001). After RYGB, GLP-1 receptor blockade resulted in a larger increase in activation in the caudate nucleus in response to food pictures (P = 0.02) and in the insula in response to palatable food consumption (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the effects of RYGB on CNS activation in response to visual and gustatory food cues may be mediated by central effects of GLP-1. Our findings provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying the weight-lowering effects of RYGB
Cerebral effects of glucagonâlike peptideâ1 receptor blockade before and after RouxâenâY gastric bypass surgery in obese women: A proofâofâconcept restingâstate functional MRI study
Aim:
To assess the effects of RouxâenâY gastric bypass surgery (RYGB)ârelated changes in glucagonâlike peptideâ1 (GLPâ1) on cerebral restingâstate functioning in obese women.
Materials and Methods:
In nine obese females aged 40â54âyears in the fasted state, we studied the effects of RYGB and GLPâ1 on five a priori selected networks implicated in foodâ and rewardârelated processes as well as environment monitoring (default mode, right frontoparietal, basal ganglia, insula/anterior cingulate and anterior cingulate/orbitofrontal networks).
Results:
Before surgery, GLPâ1 receptor blockade (using exendin9â39) was associated with increased right caudate nucleus (basal ganglia network) and decreased right middle frontal (right frontoparietal network) connectivity compared with placebo. RYGB resulted in decreased right orbitofrontal (insula/anterior cingulate network) connectivity. In the default mode network, after surgery, GLPâ1 receptor blockade had a larger effect on connectivity in this region than GLPâ1 receptor blockade before RYGB (all PFWEâ<â.05). Results remained similar after correction for changes in body weight. Default mode and right frontoparietal network connectivity changes were related to changes in body mass index and food scores after RYGB.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest GLPâ1 involvement in restingâstate networks related to food and reward processes and monitoring of the internal and external environment, pointing to a potential role for GLPâ1âinduced changes in restingâstate connectivity in RYGBâmediated weight loss and appetite control
The burden of obesity in the current world and the new treatments available: focus on liraglutide 3.0Â mg
Endogenous GLP-1 mediates postprandial reductions in activation in central reward and satiety areas in patients with type 2 diabetes
Postprandial renal haemodynamic effect of lixisenatide vs onceâdaily insulinâglulisine in patients with type 2 diabetes on insulinâglargine: An 8âweek, randomised, openâlabel trial
The effect of circulating estradiol concentrations on gonadotropin secretion in young and old castrated male-to-female transsexuals
Longerâterm liraglutide administration at the highest dose approved for obesity increases rewardârelated orbitofrontal cortex activation in response to food cues: Implications for plateauing weight loss in response to antiâobesity therapies
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