Factor Structure and Gender Invariance of Subjective Vitality Scale in students

The purpose of present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of subjective vitality scale in students. The research design was correlational and the statistical population consisted of students of Shahid Beheshti University and Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences university of Tehran. Two sample groups including  247(sample 1) and 239(sample 2) students were selected through multi-stage sampling and completed Subjective Vitality scale( Ryan & Frederick, 1997) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire( Hills & Argyle, 2002). Internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory, convergent and criterion validity were analyzed. Results showed that subjective vitality scale show the structure of an agent with explained variance of 59.47%. Confirmatory validity and gender invariance was confirmed. Cronbach's alpha and split half coefficients for the scale were 0.88 and 0.85. There were no significant differences in scale according to age, marital status,  and field of study. Convergent validity was also confirmed in relation to the dimensions of happiness. It seems that the subjective vitality scales, has a good reliability and validity in students

The effectiveness of group training for reciprocal behavior analysis on the self-efficacy among school counselors

The aim of the present research was to assess the effectiveness of group training in transactional analysis on the self-efficacy Dimensions of the school counselors. The research method was semi-empirical with pretest- posttest which was held on the control group. Research statistic population included School` s counselors in Bojnourd city in the year 2011. In the first step 77 people of these counselors were selected randomly and complete the Sherer & Maddux (1982) Self-efficacy scale. Then 28 people (21 female and 7 male) that had scored low were randomly placed in control and experimental groups. Experimental interference (group training in transactional analysis) was held on the experimental group in ten sessions, each session lasted ninety minutes twice a week. At the end of the educational program, post-test was held in both groups after one week. Data analyzed by multivariate covariance (MANCOVA). The results indicated that there is no significant difference between two groups in dimensions of self-efficacy