PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IX SMP N 2 MUARA KUANG

ABSTRAKAbstrak.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran online terhadap pemahaman belajar siswa kelas IX di SMP Negeri 2 Muara Kuang. Metode yang digunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa yang duduk di kelas IX di SMP Negeri Muara Kuang tahun pelajaran 2020/2021.Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari siswa kelas IX 1 dan 10 guru SMP Negeri 2 Muara Kuang, dengan jumlah 40 orang. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji T. Hasil penelitian bahwa pengaruh pembelajaran online terhadap pemahaman belajar siswa kelas IX SMP N 2 Muara Kuang berada pada tingkat kategori “sangat rendah. Hal inilah yang membuat siswa merasakan pembelajaran secara tatap muka lebih baik dari pada pembelajaran online.Kata kuci : Pembelajaran Online, Pemahaman Belajar Sisw

Sargassum wightii ameliorates anxiety-like behaviour and cognitive deficits in rotenone-induced parkinsonian rats

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, basically manifested by motor symptoms. However, there are other associated non-motor features in PD, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the quality of life. Scientific reports have shown that Sargassum wightii, a brown seaweed, protects against rotenone-induced motor deficits, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in rats. We therefore, undertook this study to evaluate its efficacy in alleviating rotenone-induced non-motor symptoms such as anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits in rats. Methods: Rotenone at a dose of 10 mg/kg was given orally for 28 days to induce PD model in male rats. The vehicle and the test drug were given orally daily, 1 hour prior to the rotenone administration. The protective effect of S. wightii (methanol extract at 400 mg/kg dosage) was assessed through an array of tests: Elevated plus maze test, Morris water maze test, and novel object recognition test. On the 28th day, the rats were sacrificed, and hippocampal neurobiochemical analyses were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Co-administration of S. wightii reversed the rotenone-induced anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits to a significant extent (P<0.001). It also restored the hippocampal neurotransmitters (5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid) significantly (P<0.001). Conclusion: Sargassum wightii provides neuroprotective effects and reduces the non-motor symptoms of PD. Therefore, it might be a novel insight into PD therapy