Effective Thermal Conductivity of Yttria Stabilised Zirconia Filled Epoxy Composites

Particulate filled polymer composites have enhanced thermal, mechanical properties as compared to the neat epoxy polymer. This project exhibits an increment in the thermal conductivity due to the addition of particulate filler. A mathematical expression for the spherical and also cubic fillers, distributed uniformly in the epoxy matrix is developed to evaluate theoretical thermal conductivity of the polymer composites. Yttria stabilised zirconia is used as a filler material in various proportions. The resultant composite is of enhanced thermal conductivity in comparison with pure epoxy matrix. Unit herm TM Model 2022 tester is used to experimentally determine the thermal conductivity of the composite fabricated. Hand lay-up technique is used to fabricate yttria stabilised zirconia-epoxy composite. Experimental and theoretical results are compared and the reason behind this difference is also discussed. Currently, various applications of particulate filled composites are also studied. Future scope and various other influencing properties of the composites were discussed in short. It is discovered that particulate filled polymer composites can be used in micro-electronic circuit

Mathematical problems in the Theory of ECO

A critical overview of the concepts that govern the principles of the Eternally Collapsing Object (ECO) is entailed in this article. The mathematical analysis will be dealt to conclude the proof required for the ECO paradigm is ad-hoc in nature at best. The first section details in rejecting black holes always considers the possibility of formation of trapped surfaces, so we will begin our work by looking into "non occurrence of trapped surfaces" then we analyze Dr. Mitra's indirect claim regarding how $R = 0$ (inside black hole) could also be treated as another coordinate singularity. After this a detailed analysis on the claim that the mass of the Schwarzschild black hole being zero is in actuality a valid claim or not. The main aim of this article is address the core issue of whether black holes indeed do exist or is it a consequence of biases that circumvent common sense over the years. This article aims to bridge the gap between ECOs and black holes and if at all black holes do exist, which was vehemently denied by the person whose paper I am reviewing. The analysis presented here will show us, why ECOs are baseless and can not really be the solution to black hole problem.Comment: Shortened the paper by summarizing important result

Effect of Training on Physiological and Biochemical Variables of Soccer Players of Different Age Groups

Purpose: To find out the effect of training on selected physiological and biochemical variables of Indian soccer players of different age groups.\ud \ud Methods: A total of 120 soccer players volunteered for the study, were divided (n=30) into 4 groups: (i) under 16 years (U16), (ii) under 19 years (U19), (iii) under 23 years (U23), (iv) senior (SR). The training sessions were divided into 2 phases (a) Preparatory Phase (PP, 8 weeks) and (b) Competitive Phase (CP, 4 weeks). The training program consisted of aerobic, anaerobic and skill development, and were completed 4 hrs/day; 5 days/week. Selected physiological and biochemical variables were measured at zero level (baseline data, BD) and at the end of PP and CP.\ud \ud Results: A significant increase (P<0.05) in lean body mass (LBM), VO2max, anaerobic power, grip and back strength, urea, uric acid and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in body fat, hemoglobin (Hb), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected in some groups in PP and CP phases of the training when compare to BD. However, no significant change was found in body mass and maximal heart rate of the players after the training program.\ud \ud Conclusion: This study would provide useful information for training and selection of soccer players of different age groups.\u

Effect of Smart Classroom Learning Environment on Academic Achievement of Rural High Achievers and Low Achievers in Science

The present study is an experimental one and conducted in Jalandhar district of Punjab. The investigators has taken 60 secondary school students from Royal Convent School by using simple random sampling technique. For conducting experiment the investigator has used two group randomized pre-test and post-test design. For collection of data the investigator has used an achievement constructed and standardized by the investigator and t-test has also used for analysis and interpretation data. The result of the study reveals that smart class learning environment is better to teach both low achievers and high achievers than traditional class

REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTIVE POTENTIAL OF HARAD IN MALE ALBINO MICE

Objective: Developing a male contraceptive of plant origin has always been of great interest among researchers. The aim of present investigation was to evaluate the contraceptive potential of Terminalia chebula R. (Harad) with respect to dose and reversibility in male albino mice.Methods: Aqueous bark extract of Harad was administered orally at 100 (G III), 300 (G IV) and 500 (G V) mg/kg b.w. to males for 35 d, and the effect on histology of testis and accessory sex organs, enzymes 3ß-and 17ß-HSDs, SOD, catalase and LPO levels, sialic acid and fructose levels, sperm parameters, serum testosterone and fertility parameters was determined. Toxicological and recovery studies (G VI and VII) were also carried out.Results: Harad-treated mice showed dose-related histological alterations in reproductive organs with reductions in weights, the height of germinal epithelium, germ cell number and diameter of stage VII tubules, along with adverse effect on biochemical and sperm parameters compared to controls. No alterations were noticed in SOD, catalase and LPO levels, though, mice in G V showed an increased LPO level. Libido was not affected, but fertility suppressed significantly in Harad-treated males (G VI) compared to controls. However, 42 d after treatment withdrawal, alterations in reproductive end points and fertility recovered to control levels. Body and organ weights, histo-architecture of vital organs, levels of ALT, AST and creatinine, and hematological parameters remained unchanged.Conclusion: The results suggest that Harad causes dose-dependent reversible contraception in mice without any toxicity.Â

Aboriginal uses and management of ethnobotanical species in deciduous forests of Chhattisgarh state in India

A study on the native uses of ethnobotanical species was carried out in the south Surguja district of Chhattisgarh state in India with the major objective of identifying different food and medicinal plant species and also to understand their ongoing management and conservation. Through questionnaire and personal interviews, a total of 73 ethnobotanical species used by tribal and non-tribal communities were documented, of these 36 species were used in curing different types of diseases and 22 were used as edible food plants. This rich traditional knowledge of local people has an immense potential for pharmacological studies. The outside forces, at present, were mainly blamed to change the traditional system of harvesting and management of ethnobotanical species. The destructive harvesting practices have damaged the existing populations of many ethnobotanical species viz., Asparagus racemosus, Dioscorea bulbifera, Boswellia serrata, Buchnania lanzan, Sterculia urens and Anogeissus latifolia. The sustainable harvesting and management issues of ethnobotanical species are discussed in view of their conservation and management