234 research outputs found
MĂ©thodologie dâanalyse et dâĂ©valuation technico- Ă©conomique des systĂšmes de production ovine et caprine
. Cet article rapporte le travail effectuĂ© depuis 1994 par le groupe dâexperts du sous-rĂ©seau FAO-CIHEAM
sur les systĂšmes de production ovine et caprine, concernant la mĂ©thodologie dâĂ©valuation de ces systĂšmes.
Lâobjectif de ce travail Ă©tait de mettre au point une mĂ©thodologie pour analyser, Ă©valuer et comparer les systĂšmes
de production ovine et caprine, et ainsi pour répondre aux besoins des éleveurs et des agents de développement
dans les domaines du diagnostic, du conseil et de lâaide Ă la dĂ©cision. La mĂ©thode repose sur lâestimation dâun
ensemble dâindicateurs directement mesurĂ©s, ou dâindicateurs calculĂ©s Ă partir dâautres indicateurs concernant
lâexploitation agricole dans son ensemble ou lâatelier ovin ou caprin exclusivement. Les indicateurs sont choisis
aprĂšs validation du groupe dâexperts. Lâarticle dĂ©crit comment dans certains cas, les difficultĂ©s sur le choix dâun ou
plusieurs indicateurs ont été résolues. Au total, 196 indicateurs sont décrits dans les tableaux de 1 à 8 avec des
conseils sur les conditions de calcul, la signification et lâinterprĂ©tation de chaque indicateur. Cette mĂ©thode repose
sur le travail dâenquĂȘte des agents de dĂ©veloppement qui peuvent ĂȘtre aidĂ©s par les Ă©leveurs au niveau de
lâenregistrement des donnĂ©es. Les diffĂ©rentes approches pour interprĂ©ter les rĂ©sultats en fonction des objectifs de
lâĂ©tude sont passĂ©es en revue, en particulier lâinterprĂ©tation par des "blocs diagnostics" et lâidentification des points
forts ou faibles de chaque systÚme. La restitution des résultats aux éleveurs est considérée comme une phase
essentielle de la méthode. La méthode a été appliquée dans des conditions différentes en Andalousie, en
Roumanie, au Portugal et au Nord du Maroc pour validation ; ce qui a permis dâamĂ©liorer certains points de la
mĂ©thode afin quâelle puisse ĂȘtre appliquĂ©e de façon plus large.This paper presents the work undertaken since 1994 by a working group of experts from sub-network
FAO-CIHEAM on systems of sheep and goat production, on evaluationâs methodology of such systems. The
objective of this study was to set up a methodology for analysing and comparing the various systems of sheep and
goat production, an so as to meet farmers and extension officersâ requirements in terms of diagnosis, advise and
help to decision. This methodology may be applied only if the characteristics of sheep and goat units can be
measurable and measured. The method is based on the assessment of a set of directly measured indicators, as
well as indicators calculated by other indicators concerning the whole farm or sheep or goat units exclusively. The
indicators are selected after validation decided by a working group of experts. The present paper reports on how in
some cases, the difficulties on the choice of one or several indicators were solved. On overall, 196 indicators were
described in tables from 1 to 8 with advises on conditions of calculation, the significance and interpretation of each
indicator. This method is based on the work of survey of development agents likely to be helped by farmers at
recording of data. The different approaches for interpreting results in accordance with the objectives of the study
are presented in the present paper, particularly the interpretation by "indicators sets for diagnostic" and
identification of major or weak points of each system. The diffusion of results to farmers is an essential phase of the
method. This method was applied in different conditions in Andalusia, in Romania, in Portugal and Northern
Morocco for validation purpose; this enabled the improvement of some points of the method so as to enlarge its
field of applicatio
Effects of kefir on coccidial oocysts excretion and performance of dairy goat kids following weaning
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of kefir, a traditional source of probiotic, on coccidial oocysts excretion and on the performance of dairy goat kids following weaning. Twin kids were randomly allocated to one of two groups at weaning. Kids of the first group received 20Â ml of kefir daily for 6Â weeks (KEF), while kids in the control group were given a placebo (CON). Individual faecal samples were regularly (nâ=â18 per kid) taken to quantify the number of coccidial oocysts per gram of faeces (OpG). There were no differences between the groups in terms of body weight development (Pâ>â0.05) and feed consumption. Kids of both groups were not able to consume enough feed to meet their nutrient requirements during the first 3Â weeks following weaning. KEF had a lower frequency of OpG positive samples than CON (Pâ=â0.043). Kefir did not affect the maximum oocyst excretion and age of the kids at the highest oocyst excretion (Pâ>â0.05). KEF shed numerically 35% lower coccidial oocysts than the controls, which corresponded to a statistical tendency (Pâ=â0.074) in lowering Log-OpG in comparison to CON. While KEF had a lower frequency of OpG positive samples and tended to shed lower OPG by around one-third, the frequency of diarrhea, level of highest oocyst excretion, and performance of the kids remained unaffected. Therefore, it is concluded that overall effects of kefir do not have a significant impact on sub-clinical infection and performance in weaned kids under relatively high-hygienic farming conditions
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