Location Error Minimization with the Help of Run Time Coordinates Estimation Method

The energy is the limited resource of communication in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The nodes proper functions in WSN are depend on the battery power. The each node in network are mobile and having different mobility speed. The topology in WSN is forming completely dynamic and change according to time instance. The signal strength of node/s is varying according to power capacity of nodes. The less energy of sensor nodes is shows weak signal strength that means having weak Received Signal Strength (RSS). If the signal strength of nodes are reduced that means the nodes have insufficient energy. In this research we proposed the Location based RSS scheme to improve energy utilization.  In this research we compare the performance of protocols like existing AIES-RSS and proposed Location based RSS. The performance of proposed scheme is better than AIES-RSS and the performance of proposed scheme is provides better routing performance in WSN as compare to AIES-RSS. If the RSS of any node in network is weak that means the nodes energy level is down. If the node/s having sufficient amount of energy then their signal strength is high. The Location records of sensor nodes are provides the information of location that’s why routing efficiency is improves and also the energy consumption is reduced. The proposed method is improves the energy utilization and also the residual energy cost is maximum after complete simulation. The proposed scheme is provides the strong connection by that the packet dropping and overhead is minimized. Keywords:- RSS, Routing, Location, AIES-RSS, Energy, proposed RSS, WSN

of vitamin D deficiency with occurrence of pre eclampsia among inpatients of tertiary care centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Pre eclampsia has remained a significant public health threat in both developed and developing countries contributing to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality globally. Vitamin D has direct influence on molecular pathways proposed to be important in the pathogenesis of pre eclampsia, yet the vitamin D-pre eclampsia relation has seldom been studied. In the present study we aimed to assess the association of vitamin D deficiency with the occurrence of pre eclampsia. If indeed vitamin D deficiency is related to pre eclampsia, this correlation can inform future studies, which hopefully will ultimately lead to a decrease in the incidence of pre eclampsia hence a decrease in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.Methods: We conducted a comparative cross sectional study carried out for a period of one year from August 2014 to July 2015. A total of 384 patients were selected. 192 pre eclamptic and 192 non pre eclamptic pregnant patients aged 16-45 years attending in-patient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BRD Medical college Gorakhpur were included in the study.Results: About 82.8% of pre eclamptic and 31.25% of non pre eclamptic patients were found deficient in vitamin D. Also, severe pre eclamptic patients had more severe deficiency of vitamin D. Majority of these patients (51.78%) had very low vitamin D concentration.Conclusions: Maternal vitamin D deficiency may be an independent risk factor for preeclampsia. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy should be explored for preventing preeclampsia and promoting neonatal well-being

A Comprehensive Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeats in the Sequenced Trichoderma Genomes Provides Valuable Resources for Marker Development

Members of genus Trichoderma are known worldwide for mycoparasitism. To gain a better insight into the organization and evolution of their genomes, we used an in-silico approach to compare the occurrence, relative abundance and density of SSRs in T.atroviride, T. harzianum, T. reesei, and T. virens. Our analysis revealed that in all the four genome sequences studied, the occurrence, relative abundance, and density of microsatellites varied and was not influenced by genome sizes. The relative abundance and density of SSRs positively correlated with the G+C content of their genomes. The maximum frequency of SSRs was observed in the smallest genome of T. reesei whereas it was least in second smallest genome of T. atroviride. Among different classes of repeats, the tri-nucleotide repeats were abundant in all the genomes and accounts for ~38%, whereas hexa-nuceotide repeats were the least (~10.2%). Further evaluation of the conservation of motifs in the transcript sequences shows a 49.5% conservation among all the motifs. In order to study polymorphism in Trichoderma isolates, 12 polymorphic SSR markers were developed. Of the 12 markers, 6 markers are from T. atroviride and remaining 6 belong to T. harzianum. SSR markers were found to be more polymorphic from T. atroviride with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.745 in comparison with T. harzianum (0.615). Twelve polymorphic markers obtained in this study clearly demonstrate the utility of newly developed SSR markers in establishing genetic relationships among different isolates of Trichoderma

Findings of MR Imaging and it's necessity in Children with First Recognized Seizure: A Tertiary Center Based prospective Cohort Study

identified in 34 (12%). The most common abnormalities were ventricular enlargement (51%), leukomalacia/gliosis (23%), gray matter lesions such as heterotopias and cortical dysplasia (12%), volume loss (12%), various other white matter lesions (9%), and encephalomalacia (6%). Abnormalities defined as significant, or potentially related to seizures, occurred in 40 (14%). Temporal lobe and hippocampal abnormalities were detected at a higher frequency than in previous studies (13/8

A Comparison of Microsatellites in Phytopathogenic Aspergillus Species in Order to Develop Markers for the Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Its Isolates

The occurrence of Microsatellites (SSRs) has been witnessed in most of the fungal genomes however its abundance varies across species. In the present study, we analyzed the frequency of SSRs in the whole genome and transcripts of two phyto-pathogenic (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus) and compared them with two non-pathogenic (Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus oryzae) Aspergillus. Higher relative abundance and relative density of SSRs were observed in the whole genome and transcript sequences of the pathogenic Aspergillus when compared to the non-pathogenic. The relative abundance and density of SSRs were positively correlated with the G+C content of transcripts. Among the different classes of SSR, the percentage of tetra-nucleotide SSRs were maximum in A. niger (36.7%) and A. oryzae (35.9%) whereas A. nidulans and A. terreus preferred tri-nucleotide SSRs (38.2 and 42.1%) in whole genome sequences. In transcripts, tri-nucleotide SSRs were the most abundant whereas di-nucleotide SSRs were the least favored. Motif conservation study among the transcripts revealed conservation of only 27% motif within Aspergillus species. Furthermore, a similar relationship among the Ascomycetes was obtained on the basis of motif conservation and conserved genes (rDNA). To analyze the diversity present within the Indian isolates of Aspergillus, primers were successfully designed for 692 motifs in A. niger and A. terreus of which 20 were selected for diversity analysis. Among all the markers amplified, 10 markers (83.3%) were polymorphic, whereas remaining two markers (16.6%) were monomorphic. Ten polymorphic markers acquired in this investigation showed the utility of recently created SSR markers in the assessment of genetic diversity among various isolates of Aspergillus

Knowledge, attitude and practice of epilepsy among persons attending tertiary care hospital of Bundelkhand region, Central India

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of epilepsy among persons of bundelkhand region. Secondary data from this study was compared with KAP studies from other parts of country. Material and Methods: Four hundred non epileptic persons attending various OPDs of Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical college Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh were selected randomly. Printed questionnaire having answer yes or no were used for assessment of KAP. This questionnaire was used by various authors and validated for KAP analysis. Results: It was revealed that word epilepsy was heard by 94% of persons, 64% thought that epilepsy is a mental illness. Twenty three percent believe it to be contagious disease while 21% attribute it to previous life sin. Social discrimination was favored by 53% persons. Negative attitude is shown as more than half persons stated that epilepsy is hindrance to marriage and occupation. Holy treatment by tantric or priest was favored by 20% persons. More than one third persons use onion, shoe or splash water on face to terminate seizure episode. Conclusion: Study on persons of Bundelkhand revealed poor KAP for epilepsy and require special educational programme to remove these misconception \ud

Cryptococcal granulomas in an immunocompromised HIV-negative patient

Disseminated cryptococcosis usually occurs in immunocompromised individuals with defective cell-mediated immunity, most commonly seen with HIV infection. We present a case of disseminated cryptococcosis in an HIV-negative male patient who presented with headache, fever, altered sensorium of short duration and multiple cutaneous lesions. An emergency CT scan of the head showed multiple intracranial and intraventricular granulomas. Routine laboratory investigations were within the normal range. A CSF examination revealed capsulated yeasts on India ink and a culture yielded cryptococcus neoformans. A cryptococcal antigen test by latex agglutination kit was positive. A biopsy revealed multiple capsulated yeasts cells in the cutaneous lesions, which were consistent with cryptococcus neoformans. The patient was successfully treated with Amphotericin B and Fluconazole with regression of cranial and cutaneous lesions

High-altitude and low-altitude adapted chicken gut-microbes have different functional diversity

Abstract Recently, there has been considerable interest in the functions of gut microbiota in broiler chickens in relation to their use as feed additives. However, the gut-microbiota of chickens reared at different altitudes are not well documented for their potential role in adapting to prevailing conditions and functional changes. In this context, the present study investigates the functional diversity of gut-microbes in high-altitude (HACh) and low-altitude adapted chickens (LACh), assessing their substrate utilization profile through Biolog Ecoplates technology. This will help in the identification of potential microbes or their synthesized metabolites, which could be beneficial for the host or industrial applications. Results revealed that among the 31 different types of studied substrates, only polymers, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and amine-based substrates utilization varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the chickens reared at two different altitudes where gut-microbes of LACh utilized a broad range of substrates than the HACh. Further, diversity indices (Shannon and MacIntosh) analysis in LACh samples showed significant (p < 0.05) higher richness and evenness of microbes as compared to the HACh samples. However, no significant difference was observed in the Simpson diversity index in gut microbes of lowversus high-altitude chickens. In addition, the Principal Component Analysis elucidated variation in substrate preferences of gut-microbes, where 13 and 8 carbon substrates were found to constitute PC1 and PC2, respectively, where γ-aminobutyric acid, d-glucosaminic acid, i-erythritol and tween 40 were the most relevant substrates that had a major effect on PC1, however, alpha-ketobutyric acid and glycyl-l-glutamic acid affected PC2. Hence, this study concludes that the gut-microbes of high and low-altitudes adapted chickens use different carbon substrates so that they could play a vital role in the health and immunity of an animal host based on their geographical location. Consequently, this study substantiates the difference in the substrate utilization and functional diversity of the microbial flora in chickens reared at high and low altitudes due to altitudinal changes

A Quick Viability Test Protocol for Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) Seeds

The viability testing in hemp seeds is a crucial step in its seed supply chain. Based on the legal status of hemp cultivation, each provincial area would benefit from the viability assessment, either by screening out dead seeds in legalized zones or by detecting the viable seeds in areas where hemp cultivation is not legalized. The routine procedure of assessing seed viability through germination tests takes a minimum of 7 days, which is practically not beneficial in the seed supply system. There is a need for developing a quick, reproducible, and fool-proof technique whereby seed lots can be rapidly screened, utilizing minimum resources. In this experiment, we have standardized a tetrazolium-based viability testing protocol which can identify the viability status of seed lots within 3 h