Epidemiological Approach and Precocious Diagnosis of Precancerous Cervical Lesion in Sidi Bel Abbes Region (North-West of Algeria)

Object: Cervical cancer of the uterine (CCU) is the first cancer of the genital tract. In Algeria, this cancer remains a real public health problem. The diagnosis is still done often with advanced stages which makes the therapeutic results modest and the cost of the high care. Methodology: Our study aims to elucidate the reality of this type of pathology in the region of Sidi Bel Abbes, northwestern Algeria. This retrospective and descriptive study was devoted to the epidemiological and clinical analysis of cervical cancer cases over a period of 3 years. Results: This study shows that out of a total of 500 smears recorded between (2014-2016) at the Ana-pathology laboratory level in Sidi Bel Abbes, we found that 230 smears presented precancerous lesions according to a cytological study, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US: were 18%; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) were 20%, while high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were 8%. The results obtained according to the distribution of the patients in relation to the various factors: the most affected age group is late 46-55 years with a total of 40%; precocious age of 1st report 18-20 years is (38.2%); gestation 4-5 pregnancies and parities 4-5 children with a rate of (38.70% and 32.6%) respectively ; the hormonal state in genital activity is estimated at 62.2%; patients on oral contraception (OC) have a rate of 48.9%. Finally, more than half of the patients (57.8%), were able to have a biopsy within three to four months of the last smear. In histology, the presence of a HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) low grade lesion does not predict the evolution of this lesion. Conclusion: HPV can be oncogenic or non-oncogenic. it is the oncogenic HPV infection that is the main risk factor for developing a high grade lesion  and cervical cancers outside the associated cofactors. Keywords: Pap Smear, Precancerous lesion, Cancer, Cervix, Screenin

Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Roots

Introduction: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is a medicinal plant used in alternative medicine for its multiple therapeutic and preventive properties. However, insufficient data are available about its toxicity. Materials and methods: dandelion roots total extract vas prepared by maceration for 24 hours and its toxicity was then assessed on 30 WISTAR male rats divided into four experimental groups receiving the extract at different rates, and one control group treated with the vehicle. Changes in renal, hepatic, lipid, and hematological parameters as well as signs of acute toxicity were noted during 15 days after the one dose extract administration. Results and discussion: The obtained results reveal a very significant (p<0.01) disruption of transaminases but not renal, lipid and hematological parameters. The acute toxicity study demonstrated that dendelion roots extract has low intraperitoneal toxicity with a LD50 ranged between 500 and 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: Dandelion's richness in secondary metabolites and its low in vivo toxicity make it a good candidate as a source of drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Keywords: Dandelion, Acute toxicity, LD50, Transaminases, lipids, hematolog

Research of the Causes and Risk Factors of Autism in the Western Region of Algeria

Introduction Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests before 3 years old and affects many areas, communication, social interactions and behaviors. In Algeria, there has not yet been a regional or national epidemiological investigation concerning autism spectrum disorders. Materials and methods: Our study was carried about 100 patients ( autistic children) in the western region of Algeria, in order to determine the differents risk factors involved in the onset of autism syndrome. Results and discussion: The obtained results indicate a male predominance with a sex ratio of 4: 1 and the degree of reached is average in 44% of patients. 42% of the patients are youngsters. Parents' worry about their children begins  between 24 and 36 months. The parents' advanced age at conception, stress, presence of certain pathologies and drug intake by mothers, as well as fetal distress at birth and children's exposure to screens were the main risk factors. Repetitive movements, lack of social communication, language delay, and lack of visual fixation were the main clinical symptomatology. Conclusion: This study allowed us to detect the main factors associated with the onset of autism. However, the results obtained cannot be generalized to the entire population. Keywords: Autism, autism spectrum disorder, risk factors, clinical symptoms, western region of Algeria

Ethnobotanical survey on dandelion use in the western region of Algeria

Introduction: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is an edible and medicinal plant. We use the leaves, flowers and roots. The objective of this study is to show interest in the use of dandelion as a natural remedy in the primary treatment of serval pathologies. Methods : An ethnobotanical survey of 1000 people in the western region of Algeria was conducted using a questionnaire. Results: the obtained results from this study show that 60% of the population questioned prefer traditional medicine the majority of them use the plant in the medical field whose leaves and roots are most used. Infusion and maceration are the most usable methods for the preparation of the plant and administration is exclusively oral. Most users testify that the plant has significant efficacy with a percentage of 61%. Conclusion :All this information constitutes a database to perform other research in vivo or in vitro to value this planton the therapeutic level. Keywords : Taraxacum Officinale, traditional medicine, leaves, ethnobotanical study

Epidemiological, Clinical, Histological, Serological and Therapeutic Study of Children Celiac Disease in Western Algeria Region

Objectives: To determine the epidemiological, clinical, histological, serological and therapeutic profile of celiac disease in children in Western Algeria region.Methods: 250 patients over a period of three years (2016 - 2019) from the pediatric department of the University Hospital of Oran (West Algeria) were included in our retrospective study.Results: We noticed a female predominance with a sex ratio F/M = 1.57. Symptoms were defined by typical (73.2%) and atypical (26.8%) forms, digestive disorders (47.2%), extra digestive disorders (14.4%). Anemia was noted at 73.6%, and the association with autoimmune diseases at 14.8%. Seropositivity was present in 77.6% of cases and histology revealed partial grade villous atrophy at 54%. We noticed a significant link between the histological grade and the serology (p = 0.001), between age and histological grade (p<10-3), between bone age and body mass index (p = 0.017), between the age of onset of the disease and the age of food diversification (p = 0.030), and with the age of breastfeeding (p = 0.026). In addition, we found an excellent correlation between anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysium autoantibodies during diagnosis and under diet (p<10-3), and between serology during diagnosis and serology under diet (p = 0.002)Conclusion: Celiac disease (CD) of children in western Algeria is characterized by a variety of clinical symptoms. The gluten-free diet remains the only therapy for these affected children. Keywords: celiac disease, children, epidemiology, serology, histology, associated diseases, treatment