263 research outputs found
Determinants of Managerial Values on Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from China
This paper empirically investigates how Chinese executives and managers perceive and interpret corporate social responsibility (CSR), to what extent firms’ productive characteristics influence managers’ attitudes towards their CSR rating, and whether their values in favour of CSR are positively correlated to firms’ economic performance. Although a large proportion of respondents express a favourable view of CSR and a willingness to participate in socially responsible activities, we find that the true nature of their assertion is linked to entrepreneurs’ instincts of gaining economic benefits. It is the poorly-performing firms, or rather, firms with vulnerable indicators – smaller in size, State-owned, producing traditional goods and located in poorer regions that are more likely to have managers who opt for a higher CSR rating. Managers’ personal characteristics per se are not significant in determining their CSR choice. Moreover, controlling for other observed variables, we find that managers’ CSR orientation is positively correlated with their firms’ performance. The better-off a firm is, the more likely its manager is to get involve in CSR activities. Firms with better economic performance before their restructuring would sustain higher post-restructuring performance.corporate social responsibility, profit maximisation, China
Determinants of Managerial Values on Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from China
This paper empirically investigates how Chinese executives and managers perceive and interpret corporate social responsibility (CSR), to what extent firms’ productive characteristics influence managers’ attitudes towards their CSR rating, and whether their values in favour of CSR are positively correlated to firms’ economic performance. Although a large proportion of respondents express a favourable view of CSR and a willingness to participate in socially responsible activities, we find that the true nature of their assertion is linked to entrepreneurs’ instincts of gaining economic benefits. It is the poorly-performing firms, or rather, firms with vulnerable indicators – smaller in size, State-owned, producing traditional goods and located in poorer regions that are more likely to have managers who opt for a higher CSR rating. Managers’ personal characteristics per se are not significant in determining their CSR choice. Moreover, controlling for other observed variables, we find that managers’ CSR orientation is positively correlated with their firms’ performance. The better-off a firm is, the more likely its manager is to get involve in CSR activities. Firms with better economic performance before their restructuring would sustain higher post-restructuring performance.profit maximisation, corporate social responsibility, China
Conservation-Dissipation Formalism for Soft Matter Physics: II. Application to Non-isothermal Nematic Liquid Crystals
To most existing non-equilibrium theories, the modeling of non-isothermal
processes was a hard task. Intrinsic difficulties involved the non-equilibrium
temperature, the coexistence of conserved energy and dissipative entropy, etc.
In this paper, by taking the non-isothermal flow of nematic liquid crystals as
a typical example, we illustrated that thermodynamically consistent models in
either vectorial or tensorial forms could be constructed within the framework
of Conservation-Dissipation Formalism (CDF). And the classical isothermal
Ericksen-Leslie model and Qian-Sheng model were shown to be special cases of
our new vectorial and tensorial models in the isothermal, incompressible and
stationary limit. Most importantly, from above examples, it was learnt that
mathematical modeling based on CDF could easily solve the issues relating with
non-isothermal situations in a systematic way. The first and second laws of
thermodynamics were satisfied simultaneously. The non-equilibrium temperature
was defined self-consistently through the partial derivative of entropy
function. Relaxation-type constitutive relations were constructed, which gave
rise to the classical linear constitutive relations, like Newton's law and
Fourier's law, in stationary limits. Therefore, CDF was expected to have a
broad scope of applications in soft matter physics, especially under the
complicated situations, such as non-isothermal, compressible and nanoscale
systems.Comment: 29 page
Modeling the Epidemic Outbreak and Dynamics of COVID-19 in Croatia
The paper deals with a modeling of the ongoing epidemic caused by Coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the closed territory of the Republic of Croatia.
Using the official public information on the number of confirmed infected,
recovered and deceased individuals, the modified SEIR compartmental model is
developed to describe the underlying dynamics of the epidemic. Fitted modified
SEIR model provides the prediction of the disease progression in the near
future, considering strict control interventions by means of social distancing
and quarantine for infected and at-risk individuals introduced at the beginning
of COVID-19 spread on February, 25th by Croatian Ministry of Health. Assuming
the accuracy of provided data and satisfactory representativeness of the model
used, the basic reproduction number is derived. Obtained results portray
potential positive developments and justify the stringent precautionary
measures introduced by the Ministry of Health.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the SpliTech2020
conferenc
Economic benefit analysis of low-level high vacuum compaction method from the perspective of low carbon
In order to discuss the superiorities of High Vacuum Drubbing Means (HVDM) in soft foundation treatment of roads, this paper takes the soft foundation treatment project of Wucheng Road in Wuwei County of Wanjiang City Belt in China as an example. By comparing and analyzing the economic benefit differences between HVDM method and traditional powder injection pile method in soft soil foundation treatment, the following conclusions are drawn: Low-level high-vacuum compaction method soft base processing method is better than traditional powder-jet pile method in soft foundation treatment. The method can better reduce the consumption of raw materials such as cement and stone, avoid the pollution of the social environment caused by cement production, shorten the construction period by about 50Â % and save the direct labor cost. Compared with the traditional powder-sprayed pile method, total cost of the project can be saved by more than 30Â % and the construction quality is controllable. The construction process is green and its social and economic benefits are remarkable
Thermodynamics for Reduced Models of Chemical Reactions by PEA and QSSA
Partial equilibrium approximation (PEA) and quasi-steady-state approximation
(QSSA) are two classical methods for reducing complex macroscopic chemical
reactions into simple computable ones. Previous studies mainly focus on the
accuracy of solutions before and after applying model reduction. While, in this
paper we start from a thermodynamic view, and try to establish a quantitative
connection on the essential thermodynamic quantities, like entropy production
rate, free energy dissipation rate and entropy flow rate, between the original
reversible chemical mass-action equations and the reduced models by either PEA
or QSSA. Our results reveal that the PEA and QSSA do not necessarily preserve
the nice thermodynamic structure of the original full model during the
reduction procedure (e.g. the loss of non-negativity of free energy dissipation
rate), especially when adopting the algebraic relations in replace of
differential equations. These results are further validated though the
application to Michaelis-Menten reactions analytically and numerically as a
prototype. We expect our study would motivate a re-examination on the
effectiveness of various model reduction or approximation methods from a new
perspective of non-equilibrium thermodynamics.Comment: 30 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl
Fiscal science and technology expenditure and the spatial convergence of regional innovation efficiency: evidence from China’s province-level data
Narrowing the gap in regional innovation efficiency is conducive
to the coordinated development of regional economies. Fiscal science
and technology (S&T) expenditure is the government’s primary
means of supporting regional innovation. It also plays an
essential role in improving the efficiency of regional innovation.
This study constructs a spatial convergence economic model
based on a dynamic perspective. It also examines the relationship
between fiscal S&T expenditure and spatial convergence of
regional innovation efficiency. China’s regional innovation efficiency
shows a trend of conditional b-convergence. Fiscal S&T
expenditure positively affects the spatial convergence of regional
innovation efficiency and has an inverted U-shaped, nonlinear
relationship as a whole. The transmission mechanism test
revealed that the cross-regional flow of research and development
(R&D) personnel can enhance this positive effect, and the
role of R&D capital is not significant
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