Pre and post WTO analysis of south Asian economies: evidence from panel data estimation

By using statistical tools and panel data estimation techniques, this paper examines the impact of WTO (World Trade Organization) on growth, trade and FDI in South Asia. Statistical analysis supports that exports from and imports and FDI inflows to South Asian economies increased significantly after joining the WTO. However, panel data estimation shows that under the WTO regime, the imports and exports contribution to GDP in the region increased, while the role of FDI remained insignificant.trade, FDI, growth, panel estimation

The Causality and Economic Impact of FDI inflows from Trade Partners in Pakistan

This paper examines causality between FDI, GDP, Exports and Domestic Investment by using Granger and multivariate Granger causality tests. The study also employs gravity based panel model to investigate the impact of FDI inflows from trade partners on GDP, trade and domestic investment in Pakistan. The results show that two-way causality runs between GDP, domestic investment and FDI, while unidirectional causality is detected from exports to FDI. Our panel data estimation confirms the positive role of FDI inflows in GDP and domestic investment while the results shows that the role of FDI is insignificant in case of exports and imports. Similarly, the concentration and sporadic FDI inflows from a few trade partners is adversely affecting GDP and increases imports without affecting domestic investment and exports. On the other hand minor FDI inflows from trade partners significantly contribute to GDP and decreases imports.trade partners, causality, gravity model, concentration

Does foreign capital inflows really stimulate domestic investment: a case study of Pakistan

By using system of equations and OLS estimation techniques, this paper examines the impact of foreign capital inflows on domestic investment in Pakistan. The system of equation shows that there is more than one-for-one relation between FDI and domestic investment, while the role of portfolio and loan in stimulating domestic investment is insignificant. The system of equation also shows that the impact of FDI on domestic investment is stronger than the role of domestic investment in attracting FDI. Similarly, OLS techniques confirmed that FDI complements domestic investment, particularly private investment. Contrary to other forms of capital inflows, FDI is positively and significantly correlated with domestic investment in different model specifications.capital inflows, domestic investment, system of equations, Pakistan

Does foreign capital inflows really stimulate domestic investment: a case study of Pakistan

By using system of equations and OLS estimation techniques, this paper examines the impact of foreign capital inflows on domestic investment in Pakistan. The system of equation shows that there is more than one-for-one relation between FDI and domestic investment, while the role of portfolio and loan in stimulating domestic investment is insignificant. The system of equation also shows that the impact of FDI on domestic investment is stronger than the role of domestic investment in attracting FDI. Similarly, OLS techniques confirmed that FDI complements domestic investment, particularly private investment. Contrary to other forms of capital inflows, FDI is positively and significantly correlated with domestic investment in different model specifications

Pre and post WTO analysis of south Asian economies: evidence from panel data estimation

By using statistical tools and panel data estimation techniques, this paper examines the impact of WTO (World Trade Organization) on growth, trade and FDI in South Asia. Statistical analysis supports that exports from and imports and FDI inflows to South Asian economies increased significantly after joining the WTO. However, panel data estimation shows that under the WTO regime, the imports and exports contribution to GDP in the region increased, while the role of FDI remained insignificant

Pre and post WTO analysis of south Asian economies: evidence from panel data estimation

By using statistical tools and panel data estimation techniques, this paper examines the impact of WTO (World Trade Organization) on growth, trade and FDI in South Asia. Statistical analysis supports that exports from and imports and FDI inflows to South Asian economies increased significantly after joining the WTO. However, panel data estimation shows that under the WTO regime, the imports and exports contribution to GDP in the region increased, while the role of FDI remained insignificant

Does foreign capital inflows really stimulate domestic investment: a case study of Pakistan

By using system of equations and OLS estimation techniques, this paper examines the impact of foreign capital inflows on domestic investment in Pakistan. The system of equation shows that there is more than one-for-one relation between FDI and domestic investment, while the role of portfolio and loan in stimulating domestic investment is insignificant. The system of equation also shows that the impact of FDI on domestic investment is stronger than the role of domestic investment in attracting FDI. Similarly, OLS techniques confirmed that FDI complements domestic investment, particularly private investment. Contrary to other forms of capital inflows, FDI is positively and significantly correlated with domestic investment in different model specifications

The Causality and Economic Impact of FDI inflows from Trade Partners in Pakistan

This paper examines causality between FDI, GDP, Exports and Domestic Investment by using Granger and multivariate Granger causality tests. The study also employs gravity based panel model to investigate the impact of FDI inflows from trade partners on GDP, trade and domestic investment in Pakistan. The results show that two-way causality runs between GDP, domestic investment and FDI, while unidirectional causality is detected from exports to FDI. Our panel data estimation confirms the positive role of FDI inflows in GDP and domestic investment while the results shows that the role of FDI is insignificant in case of exports and imports. Similarly, the concentration and sporadic FDI inflows from a few trade partners is adversely affecting GDP and increases imports without affecting domestic investment and exports. On the other hand minor FDI inflows from trade partners significantly contribute to GDP and decreases imports

Rhizobacterial community structure in response to nitrogen addition varied between two Mollisols differing in soil organic carbon

Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer input to agroecosystem fundamentally alters soil microbial properties and subsequent their ecofunctions such as carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient cycling in soil. However, between soils, the rhizobacterial community diversity and structure in response to N addition is not well understood, which is important to make proper N fertilization strategies to alleviate the negative impact of N addition on soil organic C and soil quality and maintain plant health in soils. Thus, a rhizo-box experiment was conducted with soybean grown in two soils, i.e. soil organic C (SOC)-poor and SOC-rich soil, supplied with three N rates in a range from 0 to 100 mg N kg−1. The rhizospheric soil was collected 50 days after sowing and MiSeq sequencing was deployed to analyze the rhizobacterial community structure. The results showed that increasing N addition significantly decreased the number of phylotype of rhizobacteria by 12.3%, and decreased Shannon index from 5.98 to 5.36 irrespective of soils. Compared to the SOC-rich soil, the increases in abundances of Aquincola affiliated to Proteobacteria, and Streptomyces affiliated to Actinobacteria were greater in the SOC-poor soil in response to N addition. An opposite trend was observed for Ramlibacter belong to Proteobacteria. These results suggest that N addition reduced the rhizobacterial diversity and its influence on rhizobacterial community structure was soil-specific

TWIST Represses Estrogen Receptor-alpha Expression by Recruiting the NuRD Protein Complex in Breast Cancer Cells

Loss of estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression and gain of TWIST (TWIST1) expression in breast tumors correlate with increased disease recurrence and metastasis and poor disease-free survival. However, the molecular and functional regulatory relationship between TWIST and ERα are unclear. In this study, we found TWIST was associated with a chromatin region in intron 7 of the human ESR1 gene coding for ERα. This association of TWIST efficiently recruited the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) repressor complex to this region, which subsequently decreased histone H3K9 acetylation, increased histone H3K9 methylation and repressed ESR1 expression in breast cancer cells. In agreement with these molecular events, TWIST expression was inversely correlated with ERα expression in both breast cancer cell lines and human breast ductal carcinomas. Forced expression of TWIST in TWIST-negative and ERα-positive breast cancer cells such as T47D and MCF-7 cells reduced ERα expression, while knockdown of TWIST in TWIST-positive and ERα-negative breast cancer cells such as MDA-MB-435 and 4T1 cells increased ERα expression. Furthermore, inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity including the one in NuRD complex significantly increased ERα expression in MDA-MB-435 and 4T1 cells. HDAC inhibition together with TWIST knockdown did not further increase ERα expression in 4T1 and MDA-MB-435 cells. These results demonstrate that TWIST/NuRD represses ERα expression in breast cancer cells. Therefore, TWIST may serve as a potential molecular target for converting ERα-negative breast cancers to ERα-positive breast cancers, allowing these cancers to restore their sensitivity to endocrine therapy with selective ERα antagonists such as tamoxifen and raloxifene