Роль альтруизма и эмпатии в отношении к донорству органов у медсестер в отделениях интенсивной терапии в Казвине: перекрестное исследование

Aim: Nurses, especially nurses in ICUs play an important role in organ donation; their performance in relation to their role is more affected by their attitude in this regard, identification of effective factors on the positive attitude of nurses towards organ donation is essential. This study was conducted aimed to determine the empathy and altruism with the nurses’ attitudes in intensive care unit towards organ donation and brain death. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 2019, 222 nurses from intensive care unit were selected by stratified random sampling. For collecting data the questionnaires of altruism, empathy and attitude toward organ donation were completed by nurses. Data was analyzed using pearson correlation, multiple linear regression. Results. There was a significant correlation between altruism (p < 0.001, r = 0.24) and its components (anonymous prosocial behaviors (r = 0.33, p < 0.001), emotional prosocial behaviors (r = 0.14, p = 0.03), dire prosocial behaviors (r = 0.14, p = 0.03) and compliant prosocial behaviors (r = 0.21 and p = 0.001)) with attitudes and also between empathy (r = 0.04, r = 0.13), perspective taking component (p = 0.02, r = 0.152) and imaginary empathy (r = 0.14, p = 0.03) with nurses’ attitudes. The components of anonymous prosocial behaviors in altruism (p < 0.0001), gender (p = 0.007) and having organ donation card (p = 0.012) are positive predictors of nurses’ attitudes towards organ donation. Conclusion. The results showed that altruism and having organ donation card were two of the most important factors in the tendency of nurses to organ donation. Therefore, the implementation of educational programs regarding changing nurse’s attitude in order to increase the sense of altruism and empathy about organ donation is necessary. By strengthening the sense of altruism and empathy in the family of brain death patients, they can be helped to decide on donate their patient’s organ with more certainty.Цель. Медицинские сотрудники среднего звена, особенно медсестры в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии, играют важную роль в донорстве органов. На их работу влияет множество различных факторов, и поэтому важно определить, какие из них являются эффективными для формирования положительного отношения медсестер к донорству органов. Это исследование было проведено с целью определения уровня эмпатии и альтруизма к донорству органов и смерти мозга у медсестер отделений реанимации интенсивной терапии. Материалы и методы. В этом перекрестном исследовании, которое проводилось в 2019 году, было отобрано 222 медсестры из отделений реанимации и интенсивной терапии с помощью стратифицированной случайной выборки. Для сбора данных медсестры заполняли анкеты, по которым в дальнейшем были оценены их уровни альтруизма, эмпатии, а также отношение к донорству органов. Данные были проанализированы с использованием корреляции Пирсона, множественной линейной регрессии. Результаты. Наблюдалась значительная корреляция между альтруизмом (р < 0,001, r = 0,24) и его компонентами (анонимное просоциальное поведение (r = 0,33, р < 0,001), эмоциональное просоциальное поведение (r = 0,14, р = 0,03), отрицательное просоциальное поведение ( r = 0,14, p = 0,03), просоциальное поведение (r = 0,21, p = 0,001) с отношением к донорству органов, а также между эмпатией (r = 0,04, r = 0,13), компонентом, учитывающим перспективы (p = 0,02, r = 0,152) и воображаемым сочувствием (r = 0,14, p = 0,03) с отношением медсестер к донорству органов. Компоненты анонимного просоциального поведения при альтруизме (р < 0,0001), пол (р = 0,007) и наличие карты донорства органов (р = 0,012) являются положительными предикторами отношения медсестер к донорству органов. Выводы. Результаты показали, что альтруизм и наличие карты донорства органов были двумя наиболее важными факторами в положительном отношении медсестер к донорству органов. Следовательно, необходима реализация образовательных программ, касающихся изменения отношения медсестер к посмертному донорству органов. Укрепляя чувство альтруизма и эмпатии в семье пациента со смертью мозга, можно помочь с большей уверенностью принять решение о пожертвовании органа своего близкого человека

Study of Lifestyle and Preventive Behaviors of Osteoporosis among Adolescents in Qazvin

Introduction: Numerous studies showed that lifestyle in the years of growth and adolescence is the most important factor in determining the risk of osteoporosis in later years of life. This study aimed to assess lifestyle and nutritional preventive behaviors of osteoporosis among teenagers in Qazvin in Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed within teenagers, in a population – based sample of 300 students collected via random cluster sampling. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire containing 15 questions (Questions items included risk factors related to osteoporosis, preventive behaviors of osteoporosis, and demographic factors). Using SPSS 16, the data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: Findings showed that the majority of teenagers (71.3%) do not have regular physical activity. There were significant differences between physical activity patterns of male students and female students (P=0.001). Nutritional habit results showed that female students (66.7%) used foods (34.7%) containing vitamin D more than male students. The results showed that 29.3% of male students and 24.3% of female students didn’t use any calcium absorption increasing ways in the body. Conclusion: The study findings show that osteoporosis in Iranian teenagers appears to correlate with several known risk factors and unsuitable behaviors that were well described in the literature. It revealed that preventive educational strategies on osteoporosis are important in this population. So modifying lifestyle among teenagers seems essential in order to prevent osteoporosis in the futur

The role of Altruism and Empathy in anticipating the Attitude toward Organ Donation among Nurses in Intensive Care Units of Qazvin: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: Nurses, especially nurses in ICUs play an important role in organ donation; their performance in relation to their role is more affected by their attitude in this regard, identification of effective factors on the positive attitude of nurses towards organ donation is essential. This study was conducted aimed to determine the empathy and altruism with the nurses’ attitudes in intensive care unit towards organ donation and brain death. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 2019, 222 nurses from intensive care unit were selected by stratified random sampling. For collecting data the questionnaires of altruism, empathy and attitude toward organ donation were completed by nurses. Data was analyzed using pearson correlation, multiple linear regression. Results. There was a significant correlation between altruism (p < 0.001, r = 0.24) and its components (anonymous prosocial behaviors (r = 0.33, p < 0.001), emotional prosocial behaviors (r = 0.14, p = 0.03), dire prosocial behaviors (r = 0.14, p = 0.03) and compliant prosocial behaviors (r = 0.21 and p = 0.001)) with attitudes and also between empathy (r = 0.04, r = 0.13), perspective taking component (p = 0.02, r = 0.152) and imaginary empathy (r = 0.14, p = 0.03) with nurses’ attitudes. The components of anonymous prosocial behaviors in altruism (p < 0.0001), gender (p = 0.007) and having organ donation card (p = 0.012) are positive predictors of nurses’ attitudes towards organ donation. Conclusion. The results showed that altruism and having organ donation card were two of the most important factors in the tendency of nurses to organ donation. Therefore, the implementation of educational programs regarding changing nurse’s attitude in order to increase the sense of altruism and empathy about organ donation is necessary. By strengthening the sense of altruism and empathy in the family of brain death patients, they can be helped to decide on donate their patient’s organ with more certainty

Effect of body change positions on endotracheal tube cuff pressure in patients with head injury treated with mechanical ventilation

Background: Maintaining endotracheal tube cuff pressure in the normal range of 25-30 cmH2o plays an important role in the prevention of related complications. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effect of body change position on level of endotracheal tube cuff pressure in patients with head trauma under mechanical ventilation admitted in ICUs. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was implemented on 30 patients with head injury under mechanical ventilation who admitted in ICUs in 2014. Available method was used for sampling. The mean of endotracheal cuff pressure was measured in 6 different body positions in the two-hour intervals using standard manometer, immediately before, immediately after, 15 minutes and 2 hours after the change positions. Data was analyzed using Chi-square, t and Bonferroni tests. Findings: The mean of endotracheal cuff pressure in the left and right lateral position with an angle of 30 degrees and head to the body (Respectively 31.5±0.68 and 34.1±0.68 cmH2o) and also the left and right lateral and a 45-degree angle to the body at the end of the period of 15 minutes and 2 hours after change positions was higher than the normal range (Respectively 31.9±0.92 and 30.4±1.5 cmH2o). In all cases, the mean of pressure differences were statistically significant (p<0.001) Conclusion: According to the unnatural changes in endotracheal tube cuff pressure due to body change positions, it is suggested that after changing position of the patient, measure the cuff pressure and correct it if it’s necessary

Effect of telenursing on quality of life of patients with atrial fibrillation referred to the teaching hospitals in Qazvin

Background: Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias that occurs 1: 100. Long duration of treatment needs continuous education and follow up that can be achieved by modern nursing techniques such as telenursing. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of telenursing on quality of life of patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 100 Patients with atrial fibrillation referred to the teaching hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The patients were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control). In the intervention group, phone calls were made to follow up and to educate patients for 12 weeks. Quality of life was measured before and after the intervention using the SF-36 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired T-test, Chi-square test, and T-test. Findings: In the intervention group, the mean quality of life score was significantly increased from 64.88±10.8 before the intervention to 76.14±9.2 after the intervention. In the control group, the mean quality of life score was significantly decreased from 62.6±9.7 before the intervention to 60.05±6.95 after the intervention. Conclusion: With regards to the results, it seems that telenursing can increase the patients’ quality of life and can provide better nursing care