Predicting Factors of Common Bile Duct Diameter in South Khorasan; Addiction as a Public Dilemma

Introduction: Given the importance of identifying common bile duct diameter in diseases diagnoses and being different in different races, this paper aimed to investigate the relationship between the diameter of the common bile duct and demographic factors and drug addiction in patients who referred to the imaging department of Imam Reza hospital in Birjand during the year 1391-1392. Methods: This cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted on patients referred to the Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, during the year 91-1392. The study population consisted of patients with complaints other than the complaints associated with disorders of the liver and bile duct. Information about sex, drug use, BMI, age and duct diameter in proximal, middle and distal parts were recorded by the checklist. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 11.0 and the mean values, frequency of tests, Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. And values of p <0.05 were considered significant. Results: A total of 315 subjects participated in the study. One hundred and sixty-two participants (51/4 percent) were female and the mean age of participants was 6/15±18/38. The mean diameter of the common bile duct in three proximal, middle and distal parts were determined as 4/2±1/5 mm, 4/2±6/5  mm and 4/2±9/5 mm. The results showed a significant relationship between bile duct diameter with age, gender, body mass index and addiction. (p<05/0). Discussion: According to these results, in the case of dilated common bile duct in sonographic imaging and considering the age, gender, body mass index status and the addiction; findings need to be adapted to his clinical status

The Radiographic Findings in Travelers with Chest Trauma Referred to a Tertiary Hospital in South Khorasan, Iran

Introduction: Currently, trauma is the main reason of mortality among 1-44 years old people and the third common reason of death throughout all ages. The aim of this study is to examine the radiographic findings in chest trauma patients referring to the Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand during the years of 2013-2014. Methods: The patients meeting the criteria for the entrance to the study were examined and the frequency of radiographic findings in conventional x-ray and CT scan in the mentioned patients was recorded. After data collection, they were introduced to the SPSS 15 software, in which descriptive statistics and suitable statistical tests were analyzed at α=0.05. Results: Based on the results of this study, the most common radiologic finding in chest trauma patients was rib fracture (21.9%). Other radiologic findings, in order of prevalence, were: clavicle fracture (11.7%), pneumothorax (9.3%), spine fracture (7.6%), Hemothorax (6.3%), increased heart shadow (2.2%), wide mediastinum (1.9%), sternum fracture (1.7%), and pleural effusion (1.2%), respectively. There was a significant relationship between radiologic findings and the type of trauma (PConclusion: We found that clavicle fracture, pneumothorax, spine fracture, and hemothorax are the most common findings followings in chest trauma. Based on the results, as the type of trauma (penetrating or blunt) can have a direct relationship with its resulting pathology, modification of sociocultural structures should be considered in this regard

Comparison of mammography and ultrasonography findings with pathology results in patients with breast cancer in Birjand, Iran

Background: Early diagnosis of breast cancer, the incidence of which among Iranian women is about a decade earlier than in developed countries, is important. Objective: To compare mammography and ultrasonography findings with those of pathology in patients with breast cancer. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using medical records of 79 patients with breast malignancies, who were referred to Imam Reza Hospital and private laboratories of Birjand, Iran, from December 2012 to December 2014. The patients’ information was recorded using a checklist, which included name, code, age, ultrasonography, and mammography results and pathology reports. The results of ultrasonography and mammography were compared with pathology findings as the gold standard. SPSS Version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.94 ± 11.76 years. The results showed that 74.7%, 16.5%, and 7.6% of the patients had ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, and mixed carcinoma, respectively. About 72.5%, 24.6%, and 2.9% of the patients had stage 2, 3, and 1 breast cancer, respectively. In addition, both breasts were involved in 1.3% of the patients. The ultrasound findings were positive and false negative in 97.5% and 2.5% of the cases. Moreover, the mammography results were positive and false negative in 98.7% and 1.3% of the patients. Conclusion: This study showed that mammography is the preferred modality in screening breast cancer patients; the use of complementary tests such as ultrasonography is recommended, especially in high-risk women

Knowledge, Attitude and Nutritional Behavior of Female High School Students about Consumption of Calcium-Rich Foods in Khorramshahr City, South West of Iran

Background: Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body. This mineral is provided only by the consumption of foods containing calcium that it is recommended to use at least1300 mg daily for adults. This study is aimed to investigate the nutritional behavior of female high school students about Consumption of Calcium-Rich Foods.Materials and MethodsAt a descriptive-analytical study, the method of sampling was based on multi-stage random clustering that 168 students were selected from 3 school (each school 56 female students). The data were collected by a research-made questionnaire containing questions in 4 parts including: the demographic features, the knowledge and attitude of students about consumption of calcium-rich foods and the fourth part included semi-quantitative food frequency table (FFQ) that was taught to the subjects and the correct understanding of the education was evaluated. The data were analyzed by SPSS-17.Results: The mean age of girls participated was 16+ 0.738 years. There were significant relationship between all demographic variables such as job, education and monthly income and consumption of calcium-rich foods (

Prevalence of breast cancer among women over 30 years in Birjand between 2009 and 2010

Background and Aim: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in industrialized countries and the third in developing ones. The present study aimed at assessing prevalence of breast cancer among women over 30 in Birjand between 2009 and 2010. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 2000 over 30 years women from Birjand city were selected through multiple-stage sampling. A demographic questionnaire was completed by each subject after being justified about the importance of screening and method of examination. Clinical breast examination was performed by a female GP under standard conditions, one week after menstrual ceasing. When there was a palpable mass in the breast, the participant underwent a mammography test for an accurate diagnosis of the type and size of the lesion. Positive cases were referred to a surgeon for open biopsy. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (V: 15) using ANOVA test at α = 0.05 as the significance level. Results: Out of 2000 surveyed women, 80 were excluded because of the inappropriateness of their completed questionnaires. Totally, 1920 women were included with the mean age of 44.48±8.56 (range: 30-88) years. Out of 267 women (13.9%) referred for mammography due to positive clinical findings, only 134 (50.2%) cases underwent mammography test and 17 of them (12.7%) had a lesion as observed in their mammography images and, as a result, fibrocystic lesion was the most common diagnosis. Biopsy was performed for 32 patients (1.6% of the total participants) and malignancy was reported in 11 patients (0.5%). Mean age of the cancer patients was 41.18±12.65 years which was similar to other women's situation without malignancy (P=0.11). Conclusion: According to our results and based on the low mean age of patients with breast cancer, it is required to study the causes leading to the early occurrence of breast cancer at young ages in this area

Effects of aqueous extract of turnip leaf (Brassica rapa) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Objectives: Turnip leaf has been used in folk medicine of Iran for the treatment of diabetes. However,so far no scientific study has been done to support its use in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to evaluate the possible hypoglycemic efficacy of aqueous extract of turnip leaf (AETL) in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were orally treated with AETL at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for 28 days. In order to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity, fasting blood glucose concentrations were determined on the 1st, 14th and 29th days. Moreover,at the end of the study, plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), aspartate amino transfarase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) were measured by the use of standard kits and auto-analyzer. Results:Both doses of AETL significantly decreased (