Fuzzy Maximum Satisfiability

In this paper, we extend the Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem to {\L}ukasiewicz logic. The MaxSAT problem for a set of formulae {\Phi} is the problem of finding an assignment to the variables in {\Phi} that satisfies the maximum number of formulae. Three possible solutions (encodings) are proposed to the new problem: (1) Disjunctive Linear Relations (DLRs), (2) Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and (3) Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problem (WCSP). Like its Boolean counterpart, the extended fuzzy MaxSAT will have numerous applications in optimization problems that involve vagueness.Comment: 10 page

Market Efficiency and Arbitrage Opportunities: The Case of Egyptian Global Depository Receipts

This research examines the effect of the financial crisis on the behavior of the Egyptian GDR’s and their underlying stocks in Egypt. There were ten stocks tested that represent three main sectors which are; the financial sector, the telecom sector and the constructions sector. We found out that there are very low arbitrage opportunities between those two markets, and that these arbitrage opportunities were minimized during the previous crisis. Moreover we found out that the price behavior of the securities changed during the financial crisis, and they showed that the selling pressure appeared on the Egyptian stocks and not the GDR's. Keywords: GDR, Arbitrage, Cross listin

Tone disclosure and financial performance:evidence from Egypt

This paper examines to what extent financial performance (FP) represents one of the main determinants for tone disclosure (TD) in Egyptian annual reports. We also measure the bidirectional relationship between TD and FP. We use the manual content analysis to measure levels of TD in annual reports for a sample of 105 firms listed on the Egyptian stock market. Our sample covers a three-year period (2011–2013). Our descriptive analysis shows that Egyptian firms disclose more good news than bad news. Therefore, the net news disclosure, or net variances, between good/bad is positive. The empirical analysis shows a positive association between the narrative disclosure of good/bad news and FP based on return on assets (ROA). We also find a highly significant association between the auditor, profitability, leverage, firm growth and financial reporting of good/bad news information. Finally, the results of the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression show that the causality between the two endogenous variables runs from FP to TD . Thus, TD is determined by FP. We offer a novel contribution to disclosure studies by being the first study to examine tone disclosure in one of the developing countries

Rapid evidence assessment on online misinformation and media literacy: final report for Ofcom

This report summarises the results of the Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) on Online Misinformation and Media Literacy (REA), conducted from November 2020 to April 2021 and commissioned by Ofcom. The review is focused on studies that measure the effectiveness of interventions designed to tackle misinformation, both within the media literacy curriculum and in relation to technological interventions that draw on literacy principles (such as critical thinking, information evaluation and active engagement), even if they are not conducted in an educational setting. The results showed that robust evaluation of media literacy curriculum interventions is not very common. More evaluation has been done on the effectiveness of non-curricular interventions. Nonetheless, findings from both types of research provide important insights into how evidence-based, targeted approaches to dealing with misinformation by improving media literacy might be further developed, building on existing policy and industry initiatives and fostering audience empowerment and agency