808 research outputs found
ON TWO-POINT RESOLUTION OF IMAGING SYSTEMS
In this paper a new criterion is proposed for optical two-point resolution, applicable to
coherent, incoherent, and partially coherent imaging. Unlike classical resolution criteria,
such as Rayleigh's, the new criterion takes account of the presence of errors in the observed
intensity distributions. Based on a parameter estimation approach, it shows how the
resolvability of the imaged point sources depends on these errors. Additionally, a test
for the resolvability of the point sources from a given set of observations is presented.
Moreover, a procedure is proposed for the computation of the errors having minimum
energy among all errors undermining the resolution. The results presented include, as a
special case, earlier results on two-point resolution of strictly incoherent imaging systems
ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΎΠ²
ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π²ΡΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ) ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ) ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ², Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΡΡΠ², Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡ
Π°Π½Π³Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΠ²Π°Π³Ρ Π²ΠΆΠ΅ Π· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΏΡΠ»ΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. Π¦Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡ (Π΄Π°Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ) ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡ (Π°Π½Π³Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ) ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
Π Π΅Π»ΡΠ³ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ
Multiple states of woody cover under similar climate conditions are found in both conceptual models and observations. Due to the limitation of the observed woody cover data set, it is unclear whether the observed bimodality is caused by the presence of multiple stable states or is due to dynamic growth processes of vegetation. In this study, we combine a woody cover data set with an above ground biomass data set to investigate the simultaneous occurrences of savanna and forest states under different precipitation forcing. To interpret the results we use a recently developed vegetation dynamics model (the Balanced Optimality Structure Vegetation Model), in which the effect of fires is included. Our results show that bimodality also exists in above ground biomass and retrieved vegetation structure. In addition, the observed savanna distribution can be understood as derived from a stable state and a slightly drifting (transient) state, the latter having the potential to shift to the forest state. Finally, the results indicate that vegetation structure (horizontal vs. vertical leaf extent) is a crucial component for the existence of bimodality
Adaptations to pain rehabilitation programmes for non-native patients with chronic pain
Purpose. (i) To determine whether adaptations for non-native patients have been implemented in pain rehabilitation programmes; (ii) to determine whether characteristics of the rehabilitation institute are related to having adaptations for non-native patients in place. Subjects. Rehabilitation institutes and rehabilitation departments of general hospitals in The Netherlands who offer a pain rehabilitation programme. Method. A questionnaire was handed over in person or by e-mail to the rehabilitation physicians of the participating institutes. Twenty-seven (90%) questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire concerned programme adaptations and institute characteristics. The data were analysed by
Cross-diagnostic validity of the SF-36 physical functioning scale in patients with stroke, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A study using rasch analysis
Increased susceptibility to proactive interference in adults with dyslexia?
Recent findings show that people with dyslexia have an impairment in serial-order memory. Based on these findings, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that people with dyslexia have difficulties dealing with proactive interference (PI) in recognition memory. A group of 25 adults with dyslexia and a group of matched controls were subjected to a 2-back recognition task, which required participants to indicate whether an item (mis)matched the item that had been presented 2 trials before. PI was elicited using lure trials in which the item matched the item in the 3-back position instead of the targeted 2-back position. Our results demonstrate that the introduction of lure trials affected 2-back recognition performance more severely in the dyslexic group than in the control group, suggesting greater difficulty in resisting PI in dyslexia.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio
Optimizing psychotherapy dosage for comorbid depression and personality disorders (PsyDos): aΒ pragmatic randomized factorial trial using schema therapy and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy
Lithographically fabricated nanopore-based electrodes for electrochemistry
We report a new technique for fabricating electrodes for electrochemical applications with lateral dimensions in the range 15β200 nm and a reproducible, well-defined geometry. This technique allows determining the electrode size by electron microscopy prior to electrochemical measurements and without contamination of the metal electrode. We measured the diffusion-limited current with stepped-current voltammetry and showed that its dependence on electrode size can be quantitatively understood if the known geometry of the electrodes is explicitly taken into account
Current anesthesia practice for preterm infants undergoing surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis:A European survey
Study objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening intestinal illness mostly affecting preterm infants, which commonly requires surgery. Anesthetic care for these patients is challenging, due to their prematurity and critical illness with hemodynamic instability. Currently, there are no guidelines for anesthetic care for these vulnerable patients. Therefore, this study aimed to describe current anesthesia practices across Europe for infants undergoing surgery for NEC. Design: Cross-sectional survey study. Participants: Anesthesiologists working in centers where surgery for NEC is performed across Europe. Measurements: A 46-item questionnaire assessing protocols for anesthesia practice, preoperative care, intraoperative care, postoperative care, and the respondent's opinion on the adequacy of anesthetic care for patients with NEC in their center. Main results: Out of the 173 responding anesthesiologists from 31 countries, approximately a third had a written standard protocol for anesthetic care in infants. Three quarters of the respondents screened all patients with NEC preoperatively, and a third structurally performed preoperative multidisciplinary consultation. For induction of general anesthesia, most respondents opted for intravenous anesthesia (n = 73, 43%) or a combination of intravenous and inhalation anesthesia (n = 57, 33%). For intravenous induction, they mostly used propofol (n = 58, 44%), followed by midazolam (n = 43, 33%) and esketamine (n = 42, 32%). For maintenance of anesthesia, inhalation anesthetic agents were more commonly used (solely: n = 71, 41%; in combination: n = 37, 22%), almost exclusively with sevoflurane. Postoperative analgesics mainly included paracetamol and/or morphine. Sixty percent of the respondents (n = 104) considered their anesthetic care for patients with NEC adequate. Suggestions for further improvement mainly revolved around monitoring, protocols, and collaboration. Conclusions: Anesthesia practice for infants undergoing surgery for NEC was highly variable. Most respondents considered the provided anesthetic care for patients with NEC adequate, but also recognized opportunities for further improvement, especially with regards to monitoring, protocols, and interdisciplinary collaboration.</p
- β¦