3 research outputs found
Oral and Intravenous Amoxicillin Dosing Recommendations in Neonates:A Pooled Population Pharmacokinetic Study
- Author
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/09/2023
- Field of study
BACKGROUND:Â There is a lack of evidence on oral amoxicillin pharmacokinetics and exposure in neonates with possible serious bacterial infection (pSBI). We aimed to describe amoxicillin disposition following oral and intravenous administration and to provide dosing recommendations for preterm and term neonates treated for pSBI.METHODS:Â In this pooled-population pharmacokinetic study, 3 datasets were combined for nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. In order to evaluate amoxicillin exposure following oral and intravenous administration, pharmacokinetic profiles for different dosing regimens were simulated with the developed population pharmacokinetic model. A target of 50% time of the free fraction above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) with an MICECOFF of 8â
mg/L (to cover gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli) was used.RESULTS:Â The cohort consisted of 261 (79 oral, 182 intravenous) neonates with a median (range) gestational age of 35.8 weeks (range, 24.9-42.4) and bodyweight of 2.6 kg (range, 0.5-5). A 1-compartment model with first-order absorption best described amoxicillin pharmacokinetics. Clearance (L/h/kg) in neonates born after 30 weeks' gestation increased with increasing postnatal age (PNA day 10, 1.25-fold; PNA day 20, 1.43-fold vs PNA day 3). Oral bioavailability was 87%. We found that a twice-daily regimen of 50â
mg/kg/day is superior to a 3- or 4-times daily schedule in the first week of life for both oral and intravenous administration.CONCLUSIONS:Â This pooledpopulation pharmacokinetic description of intravenous and oral amoxicillin in neonates provides age-specific dosing recommendations. We conclude that neonates treated with oral amoxicillin in the first weeks of life reach adequate amoxicillin levels following a twice-daily dosing regimen. Oral amoxicillin therapy could therefore be an adequate, cost-effective, and more patient-friendly alternative for neonates worldwide.</p
Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes
- Author
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- Velasquez D
- Velasquez J
- Veldmeijer S
- Velle H
- Venn-Edmonds C
- Vercauteren S
- Vertes G
- Vervoort G
- Veselka J
- Vestager KM
- Vetrano A
- Vicari R
- Vicente C
- Vicentini A
- Vichi V
- Viergever EP
- Vijay N
- Villa A
- Villa E
- Villa F
- Villani G
- Visconti L
- Viso M
- Vitovec J
- Vizel S
- Vlastaris A
- Vogel C
- Voitk J
- Voitk J
- Voitk J
- Volpe M
- vom Dahl J
- Von Bakonyi A
- Vora K
- Voss J
- Voutilainen S
- Voyles W
- Vykoukalova T
- VĂ©rtes A
- Waage K
- Waalewijn RA
- Wainstein M
- Waldo D
- Walsh S
- Walters B
- Wang Y
- Wanitschek M
- Ward P
- Ward U
- Warlits B
- Warnica J
- Washam M
- Watkins K
- Watson R
- Wead J
- Wechselberger T
- Weeks A
- Weidinger F
- Weihs W
- Weil J
- Weiss A
- Weller C
- Werner G
- Werter CJ
- Wertheimer J
- Wesley D
- Westecott B
- Westenburg J
- Wheeler M
- Wheeler M
- Whitaker T
- Whitcomb C
- White D
- White H
- White H
- White J
- White J
- White J
- White Jennifer A.
- Wiegman P
- Wiemer M
- Wikström P
- Wilhelm J
- Wilhelm M
- Wilks J
- Willems FF
- Williams P
- Williams S
- Williams V
- Wilson S
- Wilson V
- Wilson V
- Winestock J
- Winther-Friis B
- Wirtemburg P
- Wiseman A
- Withagen AJ
- Witsaman S
- Witt N
- Witzling V
- Wiviott Stephen D.
- Wohns D
- Wojciechowska C
- Wong A
- Wong B
- Wong G
- Wong S
- Wong Y
- Woodhead G
- Worner F
- Worthley S
- Wright L
- Wright T
- Wright W
- Wrzosek B
- Wu C
- Wu L
- Wu W
- Wyman P
- Yalcin R
- Yanez L
- Yedinak S
- Yeh H
- Yen M
- Yeo D
- Yigit Z
- Yildirir A
- Yildiz Z
- Yoon J
- Yoon M
- Young C
- Yovaniniz P
- Yu C
- Yu W
- Yuval R
- Zahn R
- Zakhary B
- Zaluska R
- Zambahari R
- Zanini R
- Zanini R
- Zanolin D
- Zapata M
- Zarandon R
- Zeiher A
- Zeltser D
- Zeman K
- Zemberova A
- Zemour G
- Zender H
- Zeymer U
- Zhukova Y
- Ziegler B
- Zimlichman R
- Zimmerman T
- Zimmermann R
- Zingarelli A
- Zirkle J
- Zucchetti C
- Zughaib M
- Zuidgeest JA
- Zuppiroli A
- Zwart PA
- Zweiker R
- Ă ngman K
- Ădes I
- Ăstberg S
- Publication venue
- 'Massachusetts Medical Society'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2015
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: Statin therapy reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular events, but whether the addition of ezetimibe, a nonstatin drug that reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption, can reduce the rate of cardiovascular events further is not known. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial involving 18,144 patients who had been hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome within the preceding 10 days and had LDL cholesterol levels of 50 to 100 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 2.6 mmol per liter) if they were receiving lipid-lowering therapy or 50 to 125 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 3.2 mmol per liter) if they were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. The combination of simvastatin (40 mg) and ezetimibe (10 mg) (simvastatin-ezetimibe) was compared with simvastatin (40 mg) and placebo (simvastatin monotherapy). The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, coronary revascularization ( 6530 days after randomization), or nonfatal stroke. The median follow-up was 6 years. RESULTS: The median time-weighted average LDL cholesterol level during the study was 53.7 mg per deciliter (1.4 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-ezetimibe group, as compared with 69.5 mg per deciliter (1.8 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-monotherapy group (P<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier event rate for the primary end point at 7 years was 32.7% in the simvastatin-ezetimibe group, as compared with 34.7% in the simvastatin-monotherapy group (absolute risk difference, 2.0 percentage points; hazard ratio, 0.936; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.99; P = 0.016). Rates of pre-specified muscle, gallbladder, and hepatic adverse effects and cancer were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: When added to statin therapy, ezetimibe resulted in incremental lowering of LDL cholesterol levels and improved cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, lowering LDL cholesterol to levels below previous targets provided additional benefit
Theorien der Internationalisierung
- Author
- Adam B. Jaffe
- Alan M. Rugman
- Alina M. Chircu
- Andrew McAuley
- Angel J. Salazar
- Anoop Madhok
- Anthony Henry
- Arild Aspelund
- Arnold Picot
- Arnold Picot
- Benjamin M. Oviatt
- Bernd W. Wirtz
- Brent D. Wilson
- Bruce Kogut
- Bruce Kogut
- Butter Den
- Bénédicte Reynaud
- Chimay J. Anumba
- Chwo-Ming Yu
- Claudia M. Freire
- Clemens BĂŒter
- Constance E. Helfat
- Cynthia A. Montgomery
- Daekwan Kim
- Danny Miller
- David B. Jemison
- David H. Crocker
- Denice E. Welch
- Dorothy Leonard-Barton
- Douglas W. Allen
- Edith T. Penrose
- Edward E. Leamer
- Eric Overby
- Esteban FernĂĄndez
- Eva Bössmann
- Falk-Rainer Fries
- Farok J. Contractor
- Gjalt de Jong
- Gunnar Geyer
- Hilary Ingham
- Homin Chen
- Hubert Gatignon
- Ikechi Ekeledo
- Jaideep Anand
- Jan Johanson
- Jan Johanson
- Jan Johanson
- Jan Johanson
- Jay Barney
- Jay Weerawardena
- Jean-Francois Hennart
- Jean-Francois Hennart
- Jean-Paul Chavas
- Jeffrey S. Harrison
- Jim Bell
- Joseph Alba
- Joseph T. Mahoney
- Kannan Ramanathan
- Karl Aiginger
- Keith D. Brouthers
- Khang R. Cho
- Kjell A. Nordström
- Klaus E. Meyer
- Klaus P. Kaas
- Lakshmi S. Iyer
- Leo Paul Dana
- Leonidas C. Leonidou
- Mark W. Hordes
- Markus Reihlen
- Mats Forsgren
- Mats Forsgren
- Michael D. Cohen
- Michael D. Cohen
- Michael J. Rouse
- Michael W. Rennie
- Mika Gabrielsson
- Miles Shaver
- Mohammad Yamin
- Murali K. Erramilli
- Nicole E. Coviello
- Nigel Key
- Niina Nummela
- Oliver E. Williamson
- Oliver E. Williamson
- Oswald Jones
- Otto R. Koppius
- Pankay Ghemawat
- Patricia McDougall
- Patricia McDougall
- Peter Buckley
- Philip Kotler
- Philippe C. Haspeslagh
- Poh-Lin Yeoh
- Qi Wang
- Rajeswarara Chaganti
- Ralph Lehmann
- Raphael Amit
- Richard E. Caves
- Richard L. Priem
- Richard M. Cyert
- Richard R. Nelson
- Richard Vahrenkamp
- Robert B. Woodruff
- Robert M. Grant
- Rudolf Richter
- S. Tamer Cavusgil
- Sea-Jin Chang
- Shaker A. Zahra
- Shaker A. Zahra
- Shawna OâGrady
- Stefan Eberhardt
- Stephen B. Tallman
- Steven N.S. Cheung
- Suresh Kotha
- Susan Freeman
- T. K. Das
- Tage K. Madsen
- Terence Fan
- Thomas C. Powell
- Ting-Peng Liang
- Vern Terpstra
- Wilfred Beckerman
- Yadong Luo
- Yair Aharoni
- Yannis Bakos
- Yannis Bakos
- Youlong Zhuang
- Zheng Qin
- Ăystein Moen
- Ăystein Moen
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study