Dificultades de aprendizaje de la lengua española por alumnos rusohablantes en un aula de ATAL

The increasing number of citizens of Slav origin, mainly Russian and Ucranian, in our country is developing a new research direction so far hardy studied: the teaching of Spanish to Russian speaking students. In our article some particularities in this field are shown, together with the problems and difficulties this people face. Now an individualized monitoring of a group of pupils belonging to an ATAL (Temporary Classrooms for Linguistic Adaptation) in Primary and Secondary Education in Marbella is presented. The analysis has been carried out asking the Russian speaking pupils in the classroom about the difficulties they found when they began learning our language. It is also shown the percentage of Russian speaking pupils within the foreign group in the ATAL group, and the teachers in charge of them.El aumento de ciudadanos de origen eslavo, principalmente rusos y ucranianos, en nuestro país está desarrollando una nueva línea de trabajo e investigación hasta ahora apenas explorada: la enseñanza de la lengua española a hablantes de lengua rusa. En nuestro artículo se estudian algunas de las particularidades de la enseñanza del español a rusohablantes, los problemas y dificultades con que se encuentran durante el aprendizaje de nuestra lengua. La investigación, que se ha basado en un seguimiento individualizado de un grupo de alumnos/as pertenecientes al aula de ATAL (Aulas Temporales de Adaptación Lingüística), escolarizados en centros de Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria situados en la ciudad de Marbella, se ha realizado aplicando los trabajos teóricos existentes y encuestando a los alumnos rusohablantes en el aula sobre las dificultades de diferente nivel (fónico, morfológico, sintáctico, léxico) con las que se encontraron al comenzar a estudiar nuestra lengua, y a los profesores, encargados de su enseñanza

Minimising Mortality in Endangered Raptors Due to Power Lines: The Importance of Spatial Aggregation to Optimize the Application of Mitigation Measures

Electrocution by power lines is one of the main causes of non-natural mortality in birds of prey. In an area in central Spain, we surveyed 6304 pylons from 333 power lines to determine electrocution rates, environmental and design factors that may influence electrocution and the efficacy of mitigation measures used to minimise electrocution cases. A total of 952 electrocuted raptors, representing 14 different species, were observed. Electrocuted raptors were concentrated in certain areas and the environmental factors associated with increased electrocution events were: greater numbers of prey animals; greater vegetation cover; and shorter distance to roads. The structural elements associated with electrocutions were shorter strings of insulators, one or more phases over the crossarm, cross-shaped design and pylon function. Of the 952 carcasses found, 148 were eagles, including golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) and Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata). Electrocuted eagles were clustered in smaller areas than other electrocuted raptors. The factors associated with increased eagle electrocution events were: pylons function, shorter strings of insulators, higher slopes surrounding the pylon, and more numerous potential prey animals. Pylons with increased string of insulators had lower raptor electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, although this technique was unsuccessful for eagles. Pylons with cable insulation showed higher electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, both for raptors and eagles, despite this is the most widely used and recommended mitigation measure in several countries. To optimize the application of mitigation measures, our results recommend the substitution of pin-type insulators to suspended ones and elongating the strings of insulators

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries