41 research outputs found
Atom laser dynamics in a tight-waveguide
We study the transient dynamics that arise during the formation of an atom
laser beam in a tight waveguide. During the time evolution the density profile
develops a series of wiggles which are related to the diffraction in time
phenomenon. The apodization of matter waves, which relies on the use of smooth
aperture functions, allows to suppress such oscillations in a time interval,
after which there is a revival of the diffraction in time. The revival time
scale is directly related to the inverse of the harmonic trap frequency for the
atom reservoir.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of the 395th
WE-Heraeus Seminar on "Time Dependent Phenomena in Quantum Mechanics ",
organized by T. Kramer and M. Kleber (Blaubeuren, Germany, September 2007
Momentum-space interferometry with trapped ultracold atoms
Quantum interferometers are generally set so that phase differences between
paths in coordinate space combine constructive or destructively. Indeed, the
interfering paths can also meet in momentum space leading to momentum-space
fringes. We propose and analyze a method to produce interference in momentum
space by phase-imprinting part of a trapped atomic cloud with a detuned laser.
For one-particle wave functions analytical expressions are found for the fringe
width and shift versus the phase imprinted. The effects of unsharpness or
displacement of the phase jump are also studied, as well as many-body effects
to determine the potential applicability of momentum-space interferometry.Comment: 8 page
Disclosing hidden information in the quantum Zeno effect: Pulsed measurement of the quantum time of arrival
Repeated measurements of a quantum particle to check its presence in a region
of space was proposed long ago [G. R. Allcock, Ann. Phys. {\bf 53}, 286 (1969)]
as a natural way to determine the distribution of times of arrival at the
orthogonal subspace, but the method was discarded because of the quantum Zeno
effect: in the limit of very frequent measurements the wave function is
reflected and remains in the original subspace. We show that by normalizing the
small bits of arriving (removed) norm, an ideal time distribution emerges in
correspondence with a classical local-kinetic-energy distribution.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, minor change
Stability of spinor Fermi gases in tight waveguides
The two and three-body correlation functions of the ground state of an
optically trapped ultracold spin-1/2 Fermi gas (SFG) in a tight waveguide (1D
regime) are calculated in the plane of even and odd-wave coupling constants,
assuming a 1D attractive zero-range odd-wave interaction induced by a 3D p-wave
Feshbach resonance, as well as the usual repulsive zero-range even-wave
interaction stemming from 3D s-wave scattering. The calculations are based on
the exact mapping from the SFG to a ``Lieb-Liniger-Heisenberg'' model with
delta-function repulsions depending on isotropic Heisenberg spin-spin
interactions, and indicate that the SFG should be stable against three-body
recombination in a large region of the coupling constant plane encompassing
parts of both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. However, the
limiting case of the fermionic Tonks-Girardeau gas (FTG), a spin-aligned 1D
Fermi gas with infinitely attractive p-wave interactions, is unstable in this
sense. Effects due to the dipolar interaction and a Zeeman term due to a
resonance-generating magnetic field do not lead to shrinkage of the region of
stability of the SFG.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure