Sexual orientation as social justice faultline: the role of stigmatised identities and minority community solidarity in social inequalities in wellbeing.

Social views of sexual interest in same-sex partners continue to vary widely. Depending on historical era and cultural context, homosexuality is variously regarded as a sin, a mental disorder, a choice or an innate characteristic. As sexual minorities, lesbian, gay and bisexual people continue to experience social stigma and marginalization to a greater or lesser extent, despite increased acceptance in many, mostly Western counties. The social stigma affecting LGB people reflects the prevailing expectations of heterosexuality and gender conformity, and the negative stereotyping of people who do not meet these expectations. Social stigma compromises the social identity of LGB people. LGB social stigma is also a formidable social justice fault line that adversely affects the social inclusion and mental and physical health of LGB people. This social inequality in health and wellbeing is a result of the additional, minority, stressors that LGB people uniquely face, including experiences of discrimination, expectations of rejection, internalized stigma, and concerns regarding disclosure. The solidarity of LGB communities and their heterosexual allies is critical to providing social support that contributes to the wellbeing of LGB people, enabling personal contact that promotes attitude change, and facilitating the collective activism required to achieve social justice for LGB people

Gay community periodic survey: Melbourne 2015

This study finds that HIV testing by gay and bisexual men in Melbourne continues to increase. Executive summary The Melbourne Gay Community Periodic Survey is a cross-sectional survey of gay and homosexually active men recruited at a range of gay community sites in Melbourne. The major aim of the survey is to provide data on sexual, drug use, and testing practices related to the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs) among gay men. The most recent survey, the seventeenth in Melbourne, recruited a total of 3,006 men in January 2015. The majority of these men (n=2,429, 81%) were recruited using face-to-face recruitment by trained staff at gay social venues (e.g. bars and community organisations), sex-on-premises venues, sexual health clinics, and the Midsumma Carnival. The remaining 577 men (19%) participated through an online version of the survey. Online recruitment was conducted for the first time in 2015 through the social networking site Facebook. Men were directed to a website with an online version of the GCPS questionnaire (http://gcpsonline.net). The advertisements were targeted to all men aged 16 and above who were located in Victoria and indicated in their Facebook profile that they were ‘interested’ in men. From its start in 1998, the project has been funded by the Victorian Department of Health and supported by the Victorian AIDS Council and Living Positive Victoria. The Centre for Social Research in Health coordinates the survey, with support from the Kirby Institute. The overall response rate for the 2015 survey was 77%. The data presented in this report are from the period 2011 to 2015. Since 2011, there have been significant decreases in the proportions of men recruited at sexual health clinics, social venues, and the Midsumma Carnival. The proportion of men recruited from sex-on-premises venues has remained stable over time. The online sample was analysed before we incorporated it into the survey database. There were a number of differences between men recruited online and men recruited through venues and events. Men in the online sample were younger and were more likely to be born in Australia. Men in the online sample were also less likely to report testing for HIV in the 12 months prior to the survey and were more likely to report that they were HIV-negative. Compared to men recruited through physical venues, men recruited through online survey were more likely to be in a monogamous relationship and have condomless anal intercourse with their regular partner. They were also more likely to report condomless anal intercourse with casual partners and were less likely to know that PEP was available. The online and offline samples reported similar rates of STI testing and drug use. However, despite these differences, when we merged the online and offline samples, the majority of key indicators did not appear to be affected by the change in sampling methods. We have therefore incorporated the online sample into the combined database and the reporting of trends. We will, however, continue to monitor the impact of online recruitment on the sample over time

How Parents’ Ideals are Offset by Uncertainty and Fears : A Systematic Review of the Experiences of European Parents regarding the Sexual Education of Their Children

Funding Information: This study is part of a project funded by Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Seksualiteit under grant 19.006. The authors thank Kristin Jansen, Oka Storms, Hannan Nhass, Simon Timmerman, Nelleke Westerveld, Wilma Schakenraad and Shirin Eftekharijam from Movisie, the Dutch National Centre of Expertise of Social Issues. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Sexually transmitted infection prevention behaviours: Health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions

Objective: Sexually transmitted infections remain a major public health threat globally, which disproportionately affect young people, and men who have sex with men. We review the current state of behavioural science research on STI prevention behaviour, including the definition, health impacts, correlates and determinants, and individual and environmental interventions to promote STI prevention behaviour. Design: Narrative review. Results: The range of STI prevention behaviours has extended substantially in the past decade, from an initial focus on abstinence, partner reduction and condom use, to also include other approaches, notably treatment-as-prevention, pre-exposure prophylaxis (i.e., the use of drugs for treatment by uninfected people), and vaccination for some STI. Also, the prior dominance of a social-cognitive perspective on behavioural determinants and interventions has been replaced by a social-ecological approach highlighting the complex interplay of multilevel correlates and determinants that underpins interventions addressing individual, social as well as structural factors. Conclusion: STI prevention theory and practice have evolved substantially, posing critical challenges and opportunities for health psychology and other behavioural sciences. While manifold, these amount to a need for health behaviour theorizing that embeds proximal determinants in an understanding of environmental influences and provides practical guidance for interventions adapted to specific contexts

Disk-Loss and Disk Renewal Phases in Classical Be Stars II. Detailed Analysis of Spectropolarimetric Data

In Wisniewski et al. 2010, paper I, we analyzed 15 years of spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric data from the Ritter and Pine Bluff Observatories of 2 Be stars, 60 Cygni and {\pi} Aquarii, when a transition from Be to B star occurred. Here we anaylize the intrinsic polarization, where we observe loop-like structures caused by the rise and fall of the polarization Balmer Jump and continuum V-band polarization being mismatched temporally with polarimetric outbursts. We also see polarization angle deviations from the mean, reported in paper I, which may be indicative of warps in the disk, blobs injected at an inclined orbit, or spiral density waves. We show our ongoing efforts to model time dependent behavior of the disk to constrain the phenomena, using 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer codes.Comment: 2 pages, 6 figures, IAU Symposium 27

Sexually transmitted infection prevention behaviours : health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Fading of the Mpox Outbreak Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Mathematical Modelling Study

BACKGROUND: In the Netherlands, the number of mpox cases started declining before mpox vaccination was initiated. Most cases were men who have sex with men (MSM). We investigated whether the decline in mpox could be attributed to infection-induced immunity or behavioural adaptations. METHODS: We developed a transmission model and accounted for possible behavioural adaptations: less casual partners and shorter time until MSM with mpox refrain from sexual contacts. RESULTS: Without behavioural adaptations, the peak in modelled cases matched observations, but the decline was less steep than observed. With behavioural adaptations in the model, we found a decline of 16-18% in numbers of casual partners in June and 13-22% in July 2022. Model results showed a halving of the time before refraining from sex. When mpox vaccination started, 57% of MSM with very high sexual activity in the model had been infected. Model scenarios revealed that the outbreak could have waned by November 2022 even without vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: The limited duration of the mpox outbreak in the Netherlands can be ascribed primarily to infection-induced immunity among MSM with high sexual activity levels. The decline was accelerated by behavioural adaptations. Immunity among those most sexually active is essential to impede mpox resurgence