La administración empresarial y la utilización de la inteligencia artificial y GPT-4 aportes y desafíos para la ingeniería del software y los sistemas de información

Among the current trends that companies are being forced to venture into as part of their administrative functions is the implementation of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence “is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. The objective of this research is to know the way in which Artificial Intelligence and information systems called ChatGPT are used in the field of business administration.     The methodology used for this research has a qualitative approach. Implementing the technique of the state of the art, it is of a descriptive type. The results indicate that business management is becoming more complex every day due to the large amount of data that is generated day after day, so Artificial Intelligence turns out to be a great opportunity to optimize, automate and reduce processes, for the benefit of the company. business productivity. In conclusion, the scientific contribution that Software Engineering has made has turned out to be of great support, leaving as a legacy great contributions to society that with the passing of time have allowed many processes to be reduced, all for the benefit of humanity.Dentro de las tendencias actuales a la cual se están viendo obligadas las empresas a incursionar como parte de sus funciones administrativas se encuentra la implementación de inteligencia artificial. La inteligencia artificial “es la simulación de procesos de inteligencia humana por parte de máquinas, especialmente sistemas informáticos. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la forma en que la Inteligencia Artificial y los sistemas de información denominados ChatGPT, son usados en el ámbito de la administración de empresas. La metodología empleada para esta investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo. Implementando la técnica del estado del arte, la misma es de tipo descriptiva. Los resultados señalan que la gestión empresarial, cada día se hace más compleja debido a la gran cantidad de datos que día tras día se generan, por lo que la Inteligencia Artificial resulta ser una gran oportunidad para optimizar, automatizar y reducir procesos, en beneficio de la productividad empresarial. En conclusión, el aporte científico que ha hecho la Ingeniería de Software ha resultado ser de gran apoyo, dejando como legado grandes aportes a la sociedad que, con el pasar del tiempo, han permitido que muchos procesos se reduzcan, todo en beneficio de la humanidad &nbsp

Desafíos, alternativas administrativas y las TIC para mejoramiento de los negocios y emprendimientos durante la pandemia covid-19, segmento de mercado: Changuinola provincia de Bocas del Toro

The objective of this research is to identify the challenges faced by businesses and enterprises in Changuinola, Bocas del Toro, analyzing the administrative alternatives and the use of ICT that have served as support to improve the situation of local companies during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Applied research is mixed in nature, with a descriptive approach. To collect the information, a questionnaire was used, consisting of closed and open questions. This study was developed with small and medium-sized businesses in the district of Changuinola, province of Bocas del Toro, Panama, a northwestern region bordering Costa Rica, where 162 SMEs currently operate, of which, through a confidence level of 95 % and a margin of error of 5%, a sample of 114 companies to be studied was obtained. To guarantee the presence of small and medium-sized companies from all the townships of the Changuinola district, a stratified sample was carried out by conglomerate. The results highlight that the 85% of those surveyed affirmed yes, indicating that the incorporation of ICT has had a positive impact on the development of their commercial activities, on the other hand, 50% indicated that the pandemic had a negative impact on the development of their activities. Likewise, 30% of the participants expressed that the impact was moderate on the development of their activities.El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los desafíos que enfrentan los negocios y emprendimientos en Changuinola, Bocas del Toro, analizando las alternativas administrativas y el uso de las TIC que han servido de apoyo para mejorar la situación de las empresas locales durante y después de la pandemia COVID-19. La investigación aplicada es de carácter mixto, con un enfoque descriptivo. Para recaba la información se empleó un cuestionario, compuesto por preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Este estudio se desarrolló con las Pequeñas y medianas empresas del distrito de Changuinola, provincia de Bocas del Toro, Panamá, región noroccidental fronteriza con Costa Rica en donde funcionan, actualmente, 162 PYMES, de las cuales a través de un nivel confianza del 95% y un margen de error de 5%, se obtuvo una muestra de 114 empresas a estudiar. Para garantizar presencia de pequeñas y medianas empresas de todos los corregimientos del distrito de Changuinola, se procedió a realizar un muestreo estratificado por conglomerado. Los resultados destacan que el 85% de los encuestados afirmaron que sí, indicando que la incorporación de las TIC ha tenido un impacto positivo en el desarrollo de sus actividades comerciales, por otra parte, el 50% indicaron que la pandemia tuvo un impacto negativo en el desarrollo de sus actividades, de igual manera, el 30% de los participantes expresaron empreque el impacto fue moderado en el desarrollo de sus actividades

A chromosome-level genome assembly enables the identification of the follicule stimulating hormone receptor as the master sex-determining gene in the flatfish Solea senegalensis

Sex determination (SD) shows huge variation among fish and a high evolutionary rate, as illustrated by the Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes). This order is characterized by its adaptation to demersal life, compact genomes and diversity of SD mechanisms. Here, we assembled the Solea senegalensis genome, a flatfish of great commercial value, into 82 contigs (614 Mb) combining long- and short-read sequencing, which were next scaffolded using a highly dense genetic map (28,838 markers, 21 linkage groups), representing 98.9% of the assembly. Further, we established the correspondence between the assembly and the 21 chromosomes by using BAC-FISH. Whole genome resequencing of six males and six females enabled the identification of 41 single nucleotide polymorphism variants in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) consistent with an XX/XY SD system. The observed sex association was validated in a broader independent sample, providing a novel molecular sexing tool. The fshr gene displayed differential expression between male and female gonads from 86 days post-fertilization, when the gonad is still an undifferentiated primordium, concomitant with the activation of amh and cyp19a1a, testis and ovary marker genes, respectively, in males and females. The Y-linked fshr allele, which included 24 nonsynonymous variants and showed a highly divergent 3D protein structure, was overexpressed in males compared to the X-linked allele at all stages of gonadal differentiation. We hypothesize a mechanism hampering the action of the follicle stimulating hormone driving the undifferentiated gonad toward testisEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement (AQUA-FAANG). Grant Number: 81792. Junta de Andalucía-FEDER Grant. Grant Number: P20-00938. Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, FEDER Grants. Grant Numbers: RTI2018-096847-B-C21, RTI2018-096847-B-C22S

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Sexual and reproductive health and human rights of women living with HIV

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138378/1/jia20834-sup-0001.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138378/2/jia20834.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138378/3/jia20834-sup-0002.pd