Conceitos e ferramentas da epidemiologia

Este livro faz parte dos materiais didáticos dos cursos de especialização para trabalhadores vinculados à Atenção Básica ofertados pela UFPE. O material apresenta os principais conceitos e métodos que envolvem a epidemiologia e a importância da vigilância à saúde para a reorganização dos processos de trabalho na atenção básica

External debt sustainability under different policy rules

The paper develops a Kaleckian macroeconomic model which discusses the conditions that may lead to an external debt crisis in a small developing economy fully integrated to global goods and financial markets. The focus is on how policy rules affect the stability of the economy. Two kinds of policy rules are discussed, namely an inflation rate target and a real exchange rate target, implemented through an interest rate operation procedure (IROP). It is argued that in both cases the evolution of the real exchange rate should be closely monitored to avoid external instability.central banks, open economy, external crisis

Cultivo in vitro da macroalga Gracilaria domingensis usando efluente do cultivo super-intensivo de Litopenaeus vannamei em sistema de bioflocos

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Curso de Engenharia de Aquicultura.O gênero Gracilaria possui um alto valor comercial devido ao seu subproduto, o ágar, importante ficocolóide utilizado como agente espessante e estabilizante em diversos ramos da indústria. Em ambientes de cultivo controlados, seu cultivo é feito com o uso de soluções nutritivas, o que tem um alto custo produtivo tornando seu cultivo em larga escala inviável. O descarte do efluente da carcinicultura no sistema em meio heterotrófico ou bioflocos (Biofloc Technology System - BFT) tem causado prejuízos ao meio ambiente e de certa forma vem sendo desperdiçado quando é considerado a qualidade de nutrientes provenientes de seus dejetos. O presente trabalho testou o uso do efluente do cultivo em bioflocos como possível fertilizante para Gracilaria domingensis em diferentes concentrações (25, 50 e 100%). Essas concentrações foram comparadas com água do mar enriquecida com solução von Stosch a 25%, comumente utilizado no cultivo em laboratório da espécie, e um controle contendo somente água do mar esterilizada. Apesar de não haver diferenças significativas entre as diferentes concentrações, a que obteve a maior taxa de crescimento foi a 25%. Posteriormente, foi determinado o melhor período de fertilização, utilizando como padrão 25% de efluente de BFT. Nesta etapa foram analisados um, três e sete dias de fertilização. O melhor período de fertilização usando BFT 25% foi de três dias. Sendo assim, indicamos para a fertilização da Gracilaria domingensis uma concentração de BFT de 25% durante três dias para um maior acréscimo de biomassa

Visualizing test diversity to support test optimisation

Diversity has been used as an effective criteria to optimise test suites for cost-effective testing. Particularly, diversity-based (alternatively referred to as similarity-based) techniques have the benefit of being generic and applicable across different Systems Under Test (SUT), and have been used to automatically select or prioritise large sets of test cases. However, it is a challenge to feedback diversity information to developers and testers since results are typically many-dimensional. Furthermore, the generality of diversity-based approaches makes it harder to choose when and where to apply them. In this paper we address these challenges by investigating: i) what are the trade-off in using different sources of diversity (e.g., diversity of test requirements or test scripts) to optimise large test suites, and ii) how visualisation of test diversity data can assist testers for test optimisation and improvement. We perform a case study on three industrial projects and present quantitative results on the fault detection capabilities and redundancy levels of different sets of test cases. Our key result is that test similarity maps, based on pair-wise diversity calculations, helped industrial practitioners identify issues with their test repositories and decide on actions to improve. We conclude that the visualisation of diversity information can assist testers in their maintenance and optimisation activities

ANALYSING AND EXPLORING DRIFTS IN INNOVATION STREAMS WITHIN OPEN SOURCE (5)

This work explores empirically the Apache Hadoop in the context of outbound open innovation (OI) in small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs) through the lens of innovation streams. The Apache Hadoop is a free and open source (F/OSS) library of codes for distributed computer processing, and it is the industry standard for big data analysis. We are living in the big data age and this research focus on big data analysis digital service platforms. Organisations have radically changed the way they store, manipulate, and create value from information. These data were seen, not very long time ago, as worthless. Businesses are obtaining data from different sources and in diverse formats, and advancing new products and services. Organisations need to explore and exploit niche F/OSS products and services based on outbound OI. Some private sector SMEs are short of tools and require more awareness of the potential benefits of outbound OI for product and service development and the lens of innovation streams offers a multitude of opportunities for analysis. New concepts of value production were brought to light by the notion of OI, including F/OSS. Some private sector businesses lack desorptive capacity, and the proposed conceptual model advances an alternative to the status quo. There is a substantial sum of works on F/OSS, OI and service digital platforms. References to these subjects through the lens of innovation streams in the particular context of the outbound OI in SMEs within the Apache Hadoop appear to be very limited, and there are very few examples of similar studies in this area. Outbound OI is still a major challenge for most firms, some authorities have highlighted the lack of research in the field and expressed the need for complementary studies. Innovation streams are a set of innovations that build upon the current products and services of an organisation, extend that organisation’s technical direction, and/or help it diversify into different markets. Outbound OI in F/OSS SMEs’ technology spin-offs relates to the innovation streams paradigm in terms of discontinuous innovation. While Michael Tushman and his colleagues have formulated innovation streams in detail, the relation of this framework to the F/OSS outbound OI debate within the Apache Hadoop in SMEs is taken for granted. Many questions regarding this relationship still remain, and this work addresses some of these unanswered issues. This doctoral research endorses the view of an evident limitation in the outbound OI literature, replies to aforementioned calls for more research, and adds to prior analyses by advancing new tools for the comprehension of the role of outbound OI in SMEs. It adds to the emergent body of empirical work on the Apache Hadoop and the current frame of literature on service digital platforms. Its potential findings have implications for both academia and organisations offering big data products and services. Drawing on the qualitative interpretive case study tradition, this research explores theoretical ideas and relates them to the real-world context of Apache Hadoop. This interpretive case study offers suggestions to the following overall research questions: (1) How do innovation streams within the Apache Hadoop evolve from explorative to exploitative and, finally, branch out into new markets? (2) How can we promote and sustain innovation streams within the Apache Hadoop in SMEs, in the context of outbound OI? (3) Can a conceptual model be built? (4) Are these methods adaptable