Descriptive ecology of bat flies (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) associated with vampire bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in the cerrado of central Brazil

We studied the ectoparasitic bat flies of three phyllostomid vampire bat species. Bats were collected monthly from April 2004-March 2005 in caves within the Cafuringa Environmental Protection Area in the Federal District of Brazil. A total of 1,259 specimens from six species in the Streblidae family were collected from 332 bats. High host affinity from the sampled bat fly species and high prevalence of bat flies confirms the primary fly-host associations (Strebla wiedemanni, Trichobius parasiticus and Trichobius furmani with Desmodus, Trichobius diaemi and Strebla diaemi with Diaemus and T. furmani with Diphylla). Male flies outnumbered females in several associations. Some of the observed associations (e.g., Strebla mirabilis with Desmodus and S. mirabilis, Trichobius uniformis and S. wiedemanni with Diphylla) were inconclusive and the causes of the associations were unclear. There are several explanations for these associations, including (i) accidental contamination during sampling, (ii) simultaneous capture of several host species in the same net or (iii) genuine, but rare, ecological associations. Although various species of vampire bats share roosts, have similar feeding habits and are close phylogenetic relatives, they generally do not share ectoparasitic streblid bat flies. T. diaemi and S. diaemi associations with Diaemus youngi have not been previously reported in this region

Vortex configurations and metastability in mesoscopic superconductors

The vortex dynamics in mesoscopic superconducting cylinders with rectangular cross section under an axially applied magnetic field is investigated in the multivortex London regime. The rectangles considered range from a square up to an infinite slab. The flux distribution and total flux carried by a vortex placed in an arbitrary position of the sample is calculated analytically by assuming Clem's solution for the vortex core. The Bean-Livingston energy barrier is also analytically calculated in this framework. A Langevin algorithm simulates the flux penetration and dynamical evolution of the vortices as the external field is slowly cycled. The simulated magnetization process is governed by metastable states. The magnetization curves are hysteretic, with paramagnetic response in part of the downward branch, and present a series of peaks corresponding to the entry or expulsion of a single vortex. For elongated rectangles, the vortices arrange themselves into parallel vortex chains and an additional modulation of the magnetization, corresponding to creation or destruction of a vortex chain, comes out.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Presented on the III European Conference on Vortex Matter in Superconductors, Crete, 2003. To appear in Physica

On the Utility of Word Embeddings for Enriching OpenWordNet-PT

The maintenance of wordnets and lexical knwoledge bases typically relies on time-consuming manual effort. In order to minimise this issue, we propose the exploitation of models of distributional semantics, namely word embeddings learned from corpora, in the automatic identification of relation instances missing in a wordnet. Analogy-solving methods are first used for learning a set of relations from analogy tests focused on each relation. Despite their low accuracy, we noted that a portion of the top-given answers are good suggestions of relation instances that could be included in the wordnet. This procedure is applied to the enrichment of OpenWordNet-PT, a public Portuguese wordnet. Relations are learned from data acquired from this resource, and illustrative examples are provided. Results are promising for accelerating the identification of missing relation instances, as we estimate that about 17% of the potential suggestions are good, a proportion that almost doubles if some are automatically invalidated

Influence factors of culture of intelligence in organizations

Organizations have recognized intelligence processes to deal with uncertainties, anticipate and better direct their decisions, aiming at greater competitiveness and sustainability. Among the influencing factors in these processes, culture, built by values, standards and behaviors,is strongly highlighted. In order to identifywhichcharacteristics are presentin the culture of intelligence, we exploredifferent elements coveredin the literature. Studies point to cultural factors of leadership, communication, trust and collaboration, learning, and an orientationto the future and innovation as capable of influencing the intelligence processes. Aiming to identify factors of organizational culture that can influence intelligence processes in organizations, a SLRwas carried out to form the construct “intelligence culture”, with validation by specialists, via Card Sortingand Delphimethod. As a result, factors as leadership, appropriate communication and team awareness were identified. In terms of theoretical contribution, this study identifies the organizational culture factors which can influence the intelligence processes, uniting findings from the literature and the intelligencespecialists’ opinions. It also proposes an instrument that can serve as a reference for future studies of culture factors and intelligence in organizations. In practical terms, organizations can diagnose and think strategies that develop the organizational culture in their processes.Organizações têm reconhecido processos de inteligênciapara lidar com incertezas, antecipar e melhor encaminhar suas decisões, visando maior competitividade e sustentabilidade. Dentre os fatores influenciadores no êxito desses processos, a cultura, construída por valores, padrões e comportamentos,é fortemente apontada. Para identificar quais características são apresentadas na cultura de inteligência, exploramos diferentes elementos apontados na literatura. Estudos apontam fatores culturais comoliderança, comunicação, confiança e colaboração, aprendizadoeorientaçãopara o futuro e inovação como capazes de influenciar osprocessos de inteligência. Com o objetivo de identificar fatores da cultura organizacional que podem influenciar os processos de inteligência nas organizações, foi realizada uma RSL para formar o construto “cultura de inteligência”, com validação por especialistas, via Card Sorting e método Delphi. Como resultado,fatores tais como liderança, comunicação apropriada, e consciência da equipe foramidentificados. Em termos de contribuição teórica, o trabalho identifica fatores da cultura organizacional que podem influenciar os processos de inteligência, unindo achados da literatura e opiniões de especialistas em inteligência. Propõe igualmente um instrumento que pode servir de referência para estudos futuros de inteligência e cultura nas organizações. Em termos práticos, as organizações podem diagnosticar e pensar estratégias que desenvolvam a cultura organizacional em seus processos.Organizaciones cuentan con procesos de inteligencia reconocidos para hacer frente a incertidumbres, anticipar y orientar mejor sus decisiones, apuntando a una mayor competitividad y sostenibilidad. Entre los factores que influyen en estos procesos, se destaca fuertemente la cultura, construida por valores, estándares y comportamientos. Para identificar qué características están presentes en la cultura de la inteligencia, exploramos diferentes elementos cubiertos en la literatura. Los estudios apuntan a factores culturales de liderazgo, comunicación, confianza y colaboración, aprendizaje y orientación hacia el futuro y la innovación como capaces de influir en los procesos de inteligencia. Con el objetivo de identificar factores de la cultura organizacional que pueden influir en los procesos de inteligencia en las organizaciones, se realizó una RSL para conformar el constructo “cultura de la inteligencia”, con validación por especialistas, vía Card Sorting y método Delphi. Como resultado, se identificaron factores como liderazgo, comunicación adecuada y conciencia del equipo. En términos de aporte teórico, este estudio identifica los factores de la cultura organizacional que pueden influir en los procesos de inteligencia, uniendo los hallazgos de la literatura y las opiniones de los especialistas en inteligencia. También propone un instrumento que puede servir de referencia para futuros estudios de factores culturales e inteligencia en las organizaciones. En términos prácticos, las organizaciones pueden diagnosticar y pensar estrategias que desarrollen la cultura organizacional en sus procesos

Shifts in modes of governance and sustainable development in the Brazilian oil sector

This article discusses shifts in modes of governance in the Brazilian oil sector over a 60-year period. On the basis of Driessen et al.'s (2012) framework, we discuss the impact of these shifts on sustainable development. Our results suggest that changes in modes of governance were driven by regulation and mostly associated with shifts in both actors and institutional features but that the underlying rationale of prioritising economic outcomes remained unaffected. The results also confirm that a central governance structure remained in place over time and co-existed in different modes of governance. Petrobras was the backbone of this structure and instrumental in empowering and disempowering non-state actors. This article stresses that a mode of governance furthering sustainable development should promote interactions of large numbers of actors and may require active participation of Petrobras to encourage rationales that support improvements in social and environmental domains

Shifts in modes of governance and sustainable development in the Brazilian oil sector

The authors are grateful for the resources received from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. In English: National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development). The authors would also like to thank the School of Management at the University of St. Andrews and the Accountancy Department at the Universidade de Brasília for the academic visits to these institutions, which allowed the development of this paper. Finally, the authors would like to express their gratitude to the Accounting and Finance group at the University of Glasgow for supporting this research.Peer reviewedPostprin

The response of bats (Mammalia : Chiroptera) to an incidental fire on a gallery forest at a Neotropical savanna

O fogo é um evento comum e natural no Cerrado que pode influenciar a composição de árvores e mamíferos e mudar totalmente as condições do ambiente. Esse estudo foi desenvolvido na mata de galeria do Distrito Federal – Brazil. As amostragens dos morcegos foram conduzidas por um total de seis noites depois da ocorreˆncia do fogo na mata de galeria. Três amostragens foram conduzidas: um dia, três meses e sete meses depois que o fogo ocorreu. Um total de nove redes de neblina (12 m x 3 m) foram abertas das 7pm a 1am. Os morcegos capturados foram medidos e identificados ao nível de espécie. O índice de Shannon mediu a diversidade de espécies de morcegos na mata de galeria ao longo do tempo. Uma curva de rarefação foi feita para acessar a riqueza estimada de morcegos em cada amostragem e um teste qui-quadrado foi usado para verificar se houve mudanças na abundância de morcegos ao longo do tempo. Um total de 46 morcegos de 8 espécies diferentes e uma família foram capturados. A espécie mais abundante foi Sturnira lilium. A diversidade de espécies e abundãncia aumentaram com o tempo e houve um acúmulo gradual de espécies e espécimes indicando que a sucessão e recuperação da mata ocorreu com uma adição temporal de espécimes e espécies na assembleia e não de forma pontual. Provavelmente, o padrão de recuperação reflete o aumento gradual na disponibilidade de recursos alimentares e recuperação do dossel da mata, que progressivamente passaram a ofertar mais abrigo e alimento para a assembleia de morcegos.Fire is a common and natural event in Cerrado that can influence the composition of trees and mammals and change the entire conditions of the environment. This study was developed in a gallery forest of Distrito Federal - Brazil. Bat samplings were conducted for a total of six nights after a fire that happened on the gallery forest. Three samplings were conducted: one day, three months and seven months after fire. A total of nine mist nets (12 m x 3 m) were opened from 7pm to 1am. Captured bats were measured and identified to species. Shannon index measured the species diversity of bats in the gallery forest over time. A rarefaction curve was made to assess the estimated bat richness in each of the samplings and a chi-square test was used to check whether there have been changes on bat abundances over time. A total of 46 bats from 8 different species and one family were captured. The most abundant species was Sturnira lilium. Species diversity and abundance increased over time and there was a gradual accumulation of species and specimens indicating that the succession and recovery of the forest occurs due to a temporal addition of specimens and species in the assemblage and not as punctual occurrences. Probably, this recovery pattern reflects a gradual increase in the availability of resources and recovery of the forest canopy, progressively offering more shelter and food for the bat assemblage