Macau e os jesuítas na China (séculos XVI e XVII)

As the Jesuits were the first religious order established in Macau and China, we analyse their action in the 16th and 17th centuries, as well as the role of Macau. From Saint Paul’s College in Macau and Saint Paul’s College in Goa Jesuit missionaries were sent to missions in Japan, Tonkin, Tidore, China, Ternat, Siam, Amboino, Malacca, Pegu, Cambodja, Solor, Conchinchine, Makassar, Bengal, Bisnaga, Madurai, Costa da Pescaria, Ceilon, Travancor, Malabar, Goa, North Salcette (Bombay), Lahor, Diu, Ethiopia, Monomotapa (African East Coast), etc. Fathers Michele Ruggiere, S. J. (1543-1607), and Matteo Ricci, S. J. (1552-1610), were the first Jesuit missionaries to introduce new laws of adaptation to the culture, habits and traditions as well as to the Chinese language. The Company of Jesus played a major role in the foundation, growth and conservation of Macau as well as in the Imperial Court of Beijing (where they became known as the “Court Priests”).Key words: Macau, China, Jesuits, Matteo Ricci, Ruggieri.Os Jesuítas foram a primeira Ordem Religiosa a estabelecer-se em Macau, bem como na China (através de Macau). Assim sendo, pretendemos mostrar a sua acção nos séculos XVI e XVII na China e em Macau. Do Colégio de S. Paulo de Macau e do Colégio de S. Paulo de Goa saíram os missionários jesuítas que iam para as missões do Japão, Tonquim, Tidore, China, Ternate, Sião, Amboino, Malaca, Pegu, Cambodja, Solor, Conchinchina, Macassar, Bengala, Bisnaga, Madure, Costa da Pescaria, Ceilão, Travancor, Malabar, Goa, Salsete do Norte (Bombaim), Lahor, Diu, Etiópia, Monomotapa (Costa Oriental Africana), etc. Os Padres Michele Ruggiere, S. J. (1543-1607), e Matteo Ricci, S. J. (1552-1610), foram os primeiros missionários jesuítas a introduzirem as novas leis de adaptação à cultura, aos usos e costumes, bem como à língua chinesa. A Companhia de Jesus desempenhou papel preponderante na fundação, crescimento e conservação de Macau, assim como na Corte imperial em Pequim (onde ficaram conhecidos como os “Padres da Corte”).Palavras-chave: Macau, China, Jesuítas, Matteo Ricci, Ruggieri

O PAPEL DE MACAU NO COMÉRCIO MARÍTIMO CHINÊS E A PRATA DO JAPÃO

The main goal of this paper is to study the role of Macau in the Maritime Trade since the 16th to the 18th centuries. There were two commercial and cultural routes that linked China and Europe in ancient times: one, the Overland Silk Routes, divided in Northern and Southern routes, began in Xi`an (Chang`an), went through the Gansu Province and Shaanxi Province, crossing Central Asia by several different routes which crossed deserts, mountains and steppes until Western Asia; another, the Maritime Silk Routes

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements