7 research outputs found
an obscure but present danger in regions endemic for Dengue and Chikungunya viruses
BACKGROUND: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 in regions endemic for both Dengue and Chikungunya is still not fully understood. Considering that symptoms/clinical features displayed during Dengue, Chikungunya and SARS-CoV-2 acute infections are similar, undiagnosed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in co-endemic areas may be more prevalent than expected. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of covert cases of SARS-CoV-2 among samples from patients with clinical symptoms compatible with either Dengue or Chikungunya viral infection in the state of EspÃrito Santo, Brazil. METHODS: Presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody specific to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein was detected using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay in samples from 7,370 patients, without previous history of COVID-19 diagnosis, suspected of having either Dengue (n = 1,700) or Chikungunya (n = 7,349) from December 1st, 2019 to June 30th, 2020. FINDINGS: Covert cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 210 (2.85%) out of the 7,370 serum samples tested. The earliest undiagnosed missed case of COVID-19 dated back to a sample collected on December 18, 2019, also positive for Dengue Virus. Cross-reactivity with either Dengue virus or other common coronaviruses were not observed. INTERPRETATION: Our findings demonstrate that concomitant Dengue or Chikungunya outbreaks may difficult the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate, with a robust sample size (n = 7,370) and using highly specific and sensitive chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method, that covert SARS-CoV-2 infections are more frequent than previously expected in Dengue and Chikungunya hyperendemic regions. Moreover, our results suggest that SAR-CoV-2 cases were occurring prior to February, 2020, and that these undiagnosed missed cases may have contributed to the fast expansion of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Brazil. Data presented here demonstrate that in arboviral endemic regions, SARS-CoV-2 infection must be always considered, regardless of the existence of a previous positive diagnosis for Dengue or Chikungunya.publishersversionpublishe
COVID-19 em crianças, adolescentes e jovens: estudo transversal no EspÃrito Santo, 2020
Objective: To Analyze self-reported sociodemographic and clinical aspects among individuals aged 2 to 22 years and possible associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection in EspÃrito Santo. Methods: Serial cross-sectional population-based study carried out from May to June 2020. The percentage of positivity for COVID-19 was evaluated by serological test, and the associated factors by Pearson's chi-square test (significance level of 5%). Results: Among 1,693 individuals aged 2 to 22 years, 6,1% tested positive for COVID-19 and, among these, 35.5% did not present any symptoms. Differences were identified between positive and negative regarding the number of symptoms (p-value=0.001). Cough was reported by 40.4% of positive individuals. Only 14.3% sought health care, with 29.8% among the positive and 13.3% among the negative (p-value=0.001). Conclusion: The percentage of asymptomatic patients can impact the transmission chain of COVID-19 in schools and boost outbreaks of the disease in schools.Objetivo: Analisar aspectos sociodemográficos e clÃnicos autorreferidos entre indivÃduos de 2 a 22 anos de idade e possÃveis associações com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 no EspÃrito Santo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal seriado de base populacional, realizado de maio a junho de 2020. Avaliou-se o percentual de positividade para COVID-19, por teste sorológico, e os fatores associados pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (nÃvel de significância de 5%). Resultados: Entre 1.693 indivÃduos de 2 a 22 anos, 6,1% apresentaram teste positivo para COVID-19; destes, 35,5% não apresentaram nenhum sintoma. Identificou-se diferenças entre os soropositivos e soronegativos quanto ao número de sintomas (p-valor=0,001). A tosse foi relatada por 40,4% dos indivÃduos soropositivos. Apenas 14,3% procuraram unidades de saúde, sendo 29,8% entre os soropositivos e 13,3% entre os soronegativos (p-valor=0,001). Conclusão: O percentual de indivÃduos assintomáticos pode impactar a cadeia de transmissão da COVID-19 nas escolas, e impulsionar surtos da doença no mesmo ambiente escolar
Covid-19 em áreas de aglomerados subnormais e não subnormais no EspÃrito Santo, Brasil
Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of the Greater Vitória region living in subnormal and non-subnormal agglomerations; and, compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of total residents (infected and not infected with SARS-CoV-2), among these clusters. Method: Population-based prevalence study, through serological testing carried out in 2020, with a study unit in households in Greater Vitória, grouped into census tracts classified as sub-normal clusters (AGSN) and non-sub-normal clusters (AGNSN ). The two groups were compared in terms of prevalence and associated factors. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: The prevalence found in the AGSN was 12.05% (95% CI from 9.59 to 14.50%), and in the AGNSN group it was 10.23% (95% CI from 7.97% to 12.50% ) this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.273). Comparing the sociodemographic characteristics, more people who declare themselves to be of mixed race were found in the SGNA, a higher percentage of illiterates and people with only elementary education, greater number of residents per household, longer stay in public transport, sharing a bathroom with another household , fewer bedrooms per residence and higher frequency of irregular water supply when compared to AGNSN(P<0.05). Conclusions: The epidemiological characteristics of the SNGA residents show the social inequalities that can hinder control measures in a pandemic situation.Objetivos: estimar prevalência de infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em residentes na região da Grande Vitória moradores de aglomerados subnormais e não subnormais; e, comparar caracterÃsticas sociodemográficas e clÃnicas dos residentes totais (infectados e não infectados com o SARS-CoV-2), entre esses aglomerados. Método: Estudo de prevalência de base populacional, por meio de teste sorológico realizado em 2020, com unidade de estudo em domicÃlios da Grande Vitória, agrupados em setores censitários classificados como Aglomerados sub-normais (AGSN) e os Aglomerados não sub-normais (AGNSN). Os dois grupos foram comparados quanto a prevalência e fatores associados. O nÃvel de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência encontrada no AGSN foi 12,05% (IC 95% de 9,59 a 14,50%), e no grupo AGNSN foi 10,23% (IC 95% de 7,97% a 12,50%) esta diferença não foi estatisticamente significante (p = 0,273). Comparando-se as caracterÃsticas sociodemográficas foram encontradas nos AGSN mais pessoas que se autodeclaram da raça cor parda, percentual maior de analfabetos e pessoas apenas com ensino fundamental, maior número de moradores por domicÃlio, maior permanência em transporte coletivo, compartilhamento de banheiro com outro domicÃlio, menos dormitórios por residência e maior frequência de abastecimento irregular de água quando comparadas aos AGNSN(P<0,05). Conclusões: As caracterÃsticas epidemiológicas dos moradores de AGSN evidenciam as desigualdades sociais que podem dificultar as medidas de controle em uma situação de pandemia
Prevalência e fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2: estudo de base populacional seriado, no EspÃrito Santo, em maio-junho/2020.
Objective: To analyze the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the association of sociodemographic and clinical aspects in the state of EspÃrito Santo, Brazil. Methods: Serial cross-sectional study carried out in four phases, using households as the unit of analysis, from May to June 2020. 11 municipalities were surveyed, with a sample of 4,500 households in each phase. Results: the prevalence ranged from 2.1% (95%CI: 1.7;2.5) on May 10 (first stage) to 9.6% (95%CI: 8.8;10.4), on June 21 (fourth stage). In the metropolitan region of Greater Vitória, the prevalences were 2.7% (95%CI: 2.2;3.3), in the first, and 11.5% (95%CI: 10.5;12.6) in the fourth stage; within the state it ranged from 0.4% (95%CI: 0.1;0.9) to 4.4% (95%CI: 3.2;5.5) between the two stages. Conclusion: The increase in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence observed in the fourth phase highlighted the high transmission of the virus, supporting the management of the pandemic.Objetivo: Analizar la seroprevalencia del SARS-CoV-2 y la asociación de aspectos sociodemográficos y clÃnicos en el estado de EspÃrito Santo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal seriado realizado en cuatro fases, utilizando los hogares como unidad de análisis, de mayo a junio de 2020. Se encuestaron 11 municipios, con una muestra de 4.500 hogares en cada fase. Resultados: la prevalencia varió de 2,1% (IC95%: 1,7;2,5) el 10 de mayo (primera etapa) a 9,6% (IC95%: 8,8;10,4), el 21 de junio (cuarta etapa). En la región metropolitana de la Gran Vitória, las prevalencias fueron de 2,7% (IC95%: 2,2;3,3), en la primera, y de 11,5% (IC95%: 10,5;12,6) en la cuarta etapa; dentro del estado osciló entre 0,4% (IC95%: 0,1;0,9) y 4,4% (IC95%: 3,2;5,5). Conclusión: El aumento de la seroprevalencia del SARS-CoV-2 observado en la cuarta fase destacó la alta transmisión del virus, apoyando el manejo de la pandemia.Objetivo: Analisar a soroprevalência de SARS-CoV-2 e sua associação com aspectos sociodemográficos e clÃnicos, no estado do EspÃrito Santo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal seriado, realizado em quatro fases, no perÃodo de maio a junho de 2020, utilizando os domicÃlios como unidade de análise. Foram pesquisados 11 municÃpios, com amostra de 4.500 domicÃlios em cada fase. Resultados: a soroprevalência de SARS-CoV2 variou de 2,1% (IC95%: 1,7;2,5) em 10 de maio (primeira etapa) a 9,6% (IC95%: 8,8;10,4) em 21 de junho (quarta etapa). Na região metropolitana da Grande Vitória, as prevalências foram de 2,7% (IC95%: 2,2;3,3), na primeira, e de 11,5% (IC95%: 10,5;12,6) na quarta etapa; no interior do estado, a prevalência variou de 0,4% (IC95%: 0,1;0,9) a 4,4% (IC95%: 3,2;5,5) entre a primeira e a quarta etapas. Conclusão: O aumento da soroprevalência de SARS-CoV-2 observado na quarta fase destacou a elevada transmissão do vÃrus, subsidiando a gestão da pandemia
Impacts of continuing education for Primary Health Care professionals - a scoping review protocol
Continuing Health Education is a political-pedagogical strategy that includes a model based on learning in a relationship with the work process itself to transform health practices. Primary health care has proved to be a powerful space for consolidating continuing education, as it promotes reflection and learning based on the local singularities of the territory. Continuing health education is an important strategy for transforming the reality of PHC, reinventing work, and consequently changing practices. This study aimed to identify and analyze the evidence on the impact of continuing education for health professionals in Primary Health Care in Brazil. This is a scoping review protocol that will be developed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual and guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The databases included in the study will be MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Google Scholar and Open Grey will be used as gray literature. No date limits or language restrictions will be set. The Rayyan management software will be used as a tool to support the selection of studies. Two independent researchers will carry out a paired review to ensure the relevance of the studies. The studies will be analyzed descriptively. Relevant aspects will be pointed out and interrelated in narrative form with the existing literature on the subject. Drawing up this protocol will make it possible to identify studies with evidence on the impact of continuing education in Primary Health Care in Brazil
COVID-19 Mortality in Public Hospitals in a Brazilian State: An Analysis of the Three Waves of the Pandemic
Objective: To analyze COVID-19 deaths in public hospitals in a Brazilian state, stratified by the three waves of the pandemic, and to test their association with socio-clinical variables. Methods: Observational analytical study, where 5436 deaths by COVID-19 occurred in hospitals of the public network of Espírito Santo, between 1 April 2020, and 31 August 2021, stratified by the three waves of the pandemic, were analyzed. For the bivariate analyses, the Pearson’s chi-square, Fisher’s Exact or Friedman’s tests were performed depending on the Gaussian or non-Gaussian distribution of the data. For the relationship between time from diagnosis to death in each wave, quantile regression was used, and multinomial regression for multiple analyses. Results: The mean time between diagnosis and death was 18.5 days in the first wave, 20.5 days in the second wave, and 21.4 days in the third wave. In the first wave, deaths in public hospitals were associated with the following variables: immunodeficiency, obesity, neoplasia, and origin. In the second wave, deaths were associated with education, O2 saturation < 95%, chronic neurological disease, and origin. In the third wave, deaths were associated with race/color, education, difficulty breathing, nasal or conjunctival congestion, irritability or confusion, adynamia or weakness, chronic cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, and diabetes mellitus. Origin was associated with the outcome in the three waves of the pandemic, in the same way that education was in the second and third waves (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The time interval between diagnosis and death can be impacted by several factors, such as: plasticity of the health system, improved clinical management of patients, and the start of vaccination at the end of January 2021, which covered the age group with the higher incidence of deaths. The deaths occurring in public hospitals were associated with socio-clinical characteristics
AVALIAÇÃO DA EFETIVIDADE, IMUNOGENICIDADE E SEGURANÇA DA SEGUNDA DOSE DE REFORÇO (QUARTA DOSE) DA VACINA CONTRA A COVID-19 EM IDOSOS: ESTUDO REFORÇA MAIS (PLUS BOOSTER)
Introdução/Objetivo: Um dos grandes desafios da imunização contra a Covid é a menor efetividade das vacinas em idosos devido a imunosenescência. O objetivo foi avaliar a efetividade, segurança e imunogenicidade da segunda dose de reforço em idosos. Métodos: Estudo observacional, case-crossover, utilizando dados do DATASUS, com registros de notificação e vacinação; e estudo de coorte para a análise de imunogenicidade e segurança. Foi considerado como desfecho a infecção por Covid-19 confirmada pelos métodos de RT-PCR ou teste rápido de antÃgeno em um perÃodo entre 14 e 90 dias após a aplicação da 4ª dose da vacina. Foram recrutados 257 idosos de ambos os sexos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos em uma unidade de saúde do estado do EspÃrito Santo. A imunidade celular e humoral foram avaliadas pela caracterização imunofenotÃpica e funcional das células e quantificação dos nÃveis de IgG contra proteÃnas Spike recombinantes do SARS-CoV-2. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue no dia da aplicação da segunda dose de reforço dose e nas visitas de seguimento com 28, 90, 150 e 180 dias. Realizou-se o monitoramento dos eventos supostamente atribuÃveis à vacinação por até 28 dias. Os dados foram coletados através do diário de eventos entregue aos participantes e foram inseridos no RedCap. Resultados: Foram incluÃdos 257 idosos, sendo 57% (n = 147) do sexo feminino e 47% (n = 122) na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos. Em relação ao imunizante recebido, 30% (n = 79) dos participantes receberam a vacina Pfizer, 34% (n = 89) Janssen e 36% (n = 92) Astrazeneca. Foram identificados que 8% (n = 22) dos participantes tiveram a infecção por Covid-19, sendo 10% (n = 14) do sexo feminino, 11% (n = 13) eram de 60 a 69 anos e 13% (n = 12) receberam a vacina da Astrazeneca. 95% (n = 21) dos participantes apresentaram sintomas leves não necessitando de internação hospitalar e 1 óbito. Foram identificados que 44% (n = 113) apresentaram algum evento supostamente atribuÃvel à vacinação, sendo mais comum no grupo que recebeu a vacina Pfizer com 49% (n = 39) e destes, 65% relataram dor no local da aplicação. Não houve nenhum evento adverso grave. Conclusão: A taxa de infecção por Covid-19 foi 8% em 6 meses de seguimento e as vacinas administradas possuem boa segurança e com eventos adversos leves. A efetividade e imunogenicidade estão sendo analisados. O estudo da efetividade e duração da imunidade celular e humoral é importante para estabelecer o intervalo e a estratégia adequada de doses de reforço nessa populaçã