Avaliação do desenvolvimento vegetativo de laranjeira (Citrus Sinesis (L.) Osb.) Em um sistema com e sem aléias / Evaluation of the vegetative development of orange (Citrus Sinesis (L.) Osb.) in a system with and without alleys

A produção de frutas no Brasil é considerada uma das atividades agrícolas que mais gera empregos.  A crescente busca por produtos cultivados de forma agroecológica, tem levado mudanças no manejo das culturas. O cultivo agroecológico tem sido uma solução ecologicamente viável para os agricultores que buscam uma produção sustentável. Em Roraima, a fruticultura tem um importante papel de fixação do pequeno produtor no campo, pois em sua grande maioria tem como base a mão-de-obra familiar. No entanto, as áreas de cultivo em Roraima têm sido manejadas de forma convencional, com o emprego de fertilizantes químicos de alta solubilidade e agroquímicos. Esse tipo de manejo tem apresentado alto custo econômico, ambiental e social. Sendo assim, a presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a altura da planta, diâmetro abaixo e acima do porta-enxerto, diâmetro da copa e taxa fotossintética de plantas de laranja (Citrus sinesis (L.)  Osb.) (Colocar a Variedade - Acho que é a Valência) cultivadas em um sistema com e sem aléias. O experimento foi implantado em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos: plantas em sistema com aléias e sem aléias) e dez repetições, sendo cada parcela composta por duas plantas. Foram realizadas duas avaliações fitométricas (agosto e outubro) e calculada as médias das variáveis.  Notou-se que, na área com aléias   as laranjeiras apresentaram melhor   desenvolvimento vegetativo, provavelmente, devido a capacidade que as leguminosas possuem de fixar o nitrogênio atmosférico, através do processo de FBN, e transferir para as plantas em consórcio. A menor relação C/N das leguminosas, que através das podas, tem favorecido a liberação de nutrientes, como N, P e K dentre outros, favorece o desenvolvimento vegetativo. Concluiu- se que o sistema com aléias pode ser uma alternativa de redução do uso de fertilizantes sintéticos nitrogenados. 

Produção de abelhas rainhas africanizadas Apis Mellifera L. pelo método de puxada artificial / Production of africanized queen bees Apis Mellifera L. by artificial pull method

A expansão e a manutenção da atividade apícola no Brasil utilizam de técnicas de obtenção de enxames silvestres de abelhas melíferas africanizadas na natureza (Apis mellifera L.). Esta utilização visa repor e/ou expandir o número de colônias dos apiários, porém possuem inconvenientes como a dependência da natureza para captura dos enxames, a heterogeneidade genética das colônias capturadas, a consanguinidade e a possibilidade de esses enxames serem portadores de doenças e parasitas prejudiciais à sanidade das abelhas. A produção de rainhas, melhoradas geneticamente, visando o aumento das características desejáveis, é uma ferramenta essencial para a manutenção e expansão dos apiários. Porém, no Brasil, as práticas de manejos necessários para o estabelecimento de um programa de melhoramento produtivo não são bem estabelecidas. Para o sucesso da atividade apícola é fundamental que os apicultores desenvolvam o costume de substituição anualmente, de suas rainhas. O presente trabalho avaliou através do método de Doollitle, a produção de rainhas africanizadas por puxada artificial, fazendo o uso de três tratamentos: TI 24h de eclosão, TII mais de 24h de eclosão, T0 testemunha. Consideraram-se principalmente as características genéticas desejáveis de produtividade, docilidade e sanidade. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento TI obteve uma pega da enxertia de 50% das cúpulas, enquanto que TII com 31% e T0 com 28%. Observa-se que o sucesso na pega da enxertia está relacionado à idade da larva. Portanto, com essa técnica é possível o apicultor expandir e/ou repor suas colmeias anualmente, diminuindo a agressividade, extinto enxameatório e aumentando sua produtividade

Fixação biológica e transferência de nitrogênio por Gliricídia sepium em pomar orgânico consorciado de laranja e banana / Biological fixation and transfer of nitrogen by Gliricídia sepium in organic orchard consortium of orange and banana

Decorrente da enorme limitação nutricional dos solos tropicais, muitas culturas têm sua produção limitada. Essa deficiência atinge principalmente frutíferas que necessitam de um maior teor de nutrientes para ter sua produção satisfatória economicamente. Entre os nutrientes com maior carência tem-se o nitrogênio, devido sua alta mobilidade e perdas com adubações nitrogenadas por lixiviação ou volatilização. Tendo em vista a grande importância não somente econômica como também ecológica, a implantação de sistemas de adubação verde vem se destacando no cenário nacional, com isso tem se intensificado a utilização de espécies da família Fabaceae que apresenta alta produção de biomassa e elevado potencial de fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN), além de contribuir para a redução da degradação do solo. No sul do estado de Roraima a utilização de leguminosas arbóreas vem sendo estudadas em sistemas de consorcio com frutíferas que apresentam importância econômica regional, como a banana e citros. Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar a produção de fitomassa produzidas por Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) e a quantidade de nitrogênio disponibilizado para o pomar orgânico de laranjeiras e bananeiras através da incorporação dessa matéria orgânica ao solo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no município de Caracaraí- RR, no Instituto Federal de Roraima-Campus Novo Paraíso, com a localização geográfica de 1°15’7,86 N e 60°29’14,18 W. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos, com aléias de gliricídia em sistema de cultivo consorciado (laranja, gliricídia, banana) e (laranja, vegetação nativa). As variáveis analisadas foram: quantidade de fitomassa produzida provenientes da poda das gliricídia e a quantidade de N incorporado com a adubação verde.  Foram realizadas podas das gliricídia e posteriormente pesagem da matéria verde e colocada em coroamento nos pés de laranja e banana. A análise química do solo foi realizada no Laboratório de Solo do IFRR - Campus Novo Paraíso.  A produção de fitomassa foi de 822,14 kg-1 de matéria verde, resultando em 164,42 kg-1 de matéria seca total.  O total de nitrogênio disponibilizado pela matéria seca de gliricídia resultante das podas foi de 8,812 kg-1 de Nitrogênio, sendo 0,112 kg/planta-1 de laranja e banana respectivamente. Conclui-se que a quantidade de N disponibilizado supriu em 55% da exigência nutricional das culturas (laranja e banana)

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Testing in the United States Versus the Rest of the World

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-U.S. institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures

Impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic Cardiac Procedural Volume in Oceania: The IAEA Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Objectives: The INCAPS COVID Oceania study aimed to assess the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac procedure volume provided in the Oceania region. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed comparing procedure volumes within March 2019 (pre-COVID-19) with April 2020 (during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic). Sixty-three (63) health care facilities within Oceania that perform cardiac diagnostic procedures were surveyed, including a mixture of metropolitan and regional, hospital and outpatient, public and private sites, and 846 facilities outside of Oceania. The percentage change in procedure volume was measured between March 2019 and April 2020, compared by test type and by facility. Results: In Oceania, the total cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was reduced by 52.2% from March 2019 to April 2020, compared to a reduction of 75.9% seen in the rest of the world (p&lt;0.001). Within Oceania sites, this reduction varied significantly between procedure types, but not between types of health care facility. All procedure types (other than stress cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR] and positron emission tomography [PET]) saw significant reductions in volume over this time period (p&lt;0.001). In Oceania, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) decreased by 51.6%, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by 74.0%, and stress tests by 65% overall, which was more pronounced for stress electrocardiograph (ECG) (81.8%) and stress echocardiography (76.7%) compared to stress single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) (44.3%). Invasive coronary angiography decreased by 36.7% in Oceania. Conclusion: A significant reduction in cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was seen across all facility types in Oceania and was likely a function of recommendations from cardiac societies and directives from government to minimise spread of COVID-19 amongst patients and staff. Longer term evaluation is important to assess for negative patient outcomes which may relate to deferral of usual models of care within cardiology

International Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis of Heart Disease

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Its effects on delivery of diagnostic care for cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, have not been quantified. Objectives: The study sought to assess COVID-19's impact on global cardiovascular diagnostic procedural volumes and safety practices. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes and safety practices resulting from COVID-19. Noninvasive and invasive cardiac testing volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared with those from March 2019. Availability of personal protective equipment and pandemic-related testing practice changes were ascertained. Results: Surveys were submitted from 909 inpatient and outpatient centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 108 countries. Procedure volumes decreased 42% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 64% from March 2019 to April 2020. Transthoracic echocardiography decreased by 59%, transesophageal echocardiography 76%, and stress tests 78%, which varied between stress modalities. Coronary angiography (invasive or computed tomography) decreased 55% (p &lt; 0.001 for each procedure). In multivariable regression, significantly greater reduction in procedures occurred for centers in countries with lower gross domestic product. Location in a low-income and lower–middle-income country was associated with an additional 22% reduction in cardiac procedures and less availability of personal protective equipment and telehealth. Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in cardiovascular diagnostic testing across the globe, especially affecting the world's economically challenged. Further study of cardiovascular outcomes and COVID-19–related changes in care delivery is warranted

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiovascular Testing in Asia: The IAEA INCAPS-COVID Study

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected management of cardiovascular disease around the world. The effect of the pandemic on volume of cardiovascular diagnostic procedures is not known. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the effects of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular diagnostic procedures and safety practices in Asia. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey to assess changes in cardiovascular procedure volume and safety practices caused by COVID-19. Testing volumes were reported for March 2020 and April 2020 and were compared to those from March 2019. Data from 180 centers across 33 Asian countries were grouped into 4 subregions for comparison. Results: Procedure volumes decreased by 47% from March 2019 to March 2020, showing recovery from March 2020 to April 2020 in Eastern Asia, particularly in China. The majority of centers cancelled outpatient activities and increased time per study. Practice changes included implementing physical distancing and restricting visitors. Although COVID testing was not commonly performed, it was conducted in one-third of facilities in Eastern Asia. The most severe reductions in procedure volumes were observed in lower-income countries, where volumes decreased 81% from March 2019 to April 2020. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic in Asia caused significant reductions in cardiovascular diagnostic procedures, particularly in low-income countries. Further studies on effects of COVID-19 on cardiovascular outcomes and changes in care delivery are warranted

Impact of COVID-19 on the imaging diagnosis of cardiac disease in Europe

Objectives We aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac diagnostic testing and practice and to assess its impact in different regions in Europe. Methods The online survey organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency Division of Human Health collected information on changes in cardiac imaging procedural volumes between March 2019 and March/April 2020. Data were collected from 909 centres in 108 countries. Results Centres in Northern and Southern Europe were more likely to cancel all outpatient activities compared with Western and Eastern Europe. There was a greater reduction in total procedure volumes in Europe compared with the rest of the world in March 2020 (45% vs 41%, p=0.003), with a more marked reduction in Southern Europe (58%), but by April 2020 this was similar in Europe and the rest of the world (69% vs 63%, p=0.261). Regional variations were apparent between imaging modalities, but the largest reductions were in Southern Europe for nearly all modalities. In March 2020, location in Southern Europe was the only independent predictor of the reduction in procedure volume. However, in April 2020, lower gross domestic product and higher COVID-19 deaths were the only independent predictors. Conclusion The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on care of patients with cardiac disease, with substantial regional variations in Europe. This has potential long-term implications for patients and plans are required to enable the diagnosis of non-COVID- 19 conditions during the ongoing pandemic