Physical Vacuum in Superconductors

Although experiments carried out by Jain et al. showed that the Cooper pairs obey the strong equivalence principle, The measurement of the Cooper pairs inertial mass by Tate et al. revealed an anomalous excess of mass. In the present paper we interpret these experimental results in the framework of an electromagnetic model of dark energy for the superconductors' vacuum. We argue that this physical vacuum is associated with a preferred frame. Ultimately from the conservation of energy for Cooper pairs we derive a model for a variable vacuum speed of light in the superconductors physical vacuum in relation with a possible breaking of the weak equivalence principle for Cooper pairs.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figure

Approximation to the Second Order Approximation of Einstein Field Equations with a Cosmological Constant in a Flat Background

Einstein field equations with a cosmological constant are approximated to the second order in the perturbation to a flat background metric. The final result is a set of Einstein-Maxwell-Proca equations for gravity in the weak field regime. This approximation procedure implements the breaking of gauge symmetry in general relativity. A brief discussion of the physical consequences (Pioneer anomalous deceleration) is proposed in the framework of the gauge theory of gravity.Comment: 11 page

Gravitomagnetic London Moment in Rotating Supersolid He4He^4

Non classical rotational inertia observed in rotating supersolid $He^4$ can be accounted for by a gravitomagnetic London moment similar to the one recently reported in rotating superconductive rings.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Physica

Electromagnetic Dark Energy and Gravitoelectrodynamics of Superconductors

It is shown that Beck and Mackey electromagnetic model of dark energy in superconductors can account for the non-classical inertial properties of superconductors, which have been conjectured by the author to explain the Cooper pair's mass excess reported by Cabrera and Tate. A new Einstein-Planck regime for gravitation in condensed matter is proposed as a natural scale to host the gravitoelectrodynamic properties of superconductors.Comment: 9 page

Dissipation of Modified Entropic Gravitational Energy Through Gravitational Waves

The phenomenological nature of a new gravitational type interaction between two different bodies derived from Verlinde's entropic approach to gravitation in combination with Sorkin's definition of Universe's quantum information content, is investigated. Assuming that the energy stored in this entropic gravitational field is dissipated under the form of gravitational waves and that the Heisenberg principle holds for this system, one calculates a possible value for an absolute minimum time scale in nature $\tau=15/16 \frac{\Lambda^{1/2}\hbar G}{c^4}\sim9.27\times10^{-105}$ seconds, which is much smaller than the Planck time $t_{P}=(\hbar G/c^5)^{1/2}\sim 5.38\times10^{-44}$ seconds. This appears together with an absolute possible maximum value for Newtonian gravitational forces generated by matter $F_g=32/30\frac{c^7}{\Lambda \hbar G^2}\sim 3.84\times 10^{165}$ Newtons, which is much higher than the gravitational field between two Planck masses separated by the Planck length $F_{gP}=c^4/G\sim1.21\times10^{44}$ Newtons.Comment: 2 page

Are Superfluid Vortices in Pulsars Violating the Weak Equivalence Principle?

In the present paper we argue that timing irregularities in pulsars, like glitches and timing noise, could be associated with the violation of the weak equivalence principle for vortices in the superfluid core of rotating neutron stars.Comment: 15 page

Coincident-Frequency Entangled Photons in a Homogenous Gravitational Field - A Thought Experiment

Assuming that the Principle of energy conservation holds for coincident-frequency entangled photons propagating in a homogeneous gravitational field. It is argued that in this physical context, either Quantum entanglement or the weak equivalence principle are broken by the photons.Comment: principle of equivalence, entangled photons, gravitational redshif

Gravitoelectromagnetism in (Anti) de Sitter Spacetime

The presence of a non-zero cosmological term in Einstein field equations can be interpreted as the physical possibility for preferred reference frames without breaking of general covariance. This possibility is used in the process of linearizing Einstein field equations in a de Sitter background, and in formulating the resulting equations in the framework of gravitoelectromagnetism. It is proposed that this set of equations only applies to the physical vacuum and not to baryonic (normal) matter.Comment: 12 page

Gravitomagnetic London Moment and the Graviton Mass inside a Superconductor

Using Proca electromagnetic and gravitoelectromagnetic equations the magnetic and gravitomagnetic properties of a rotating superconductor are respectively derived. Perfect diamagnetism, and the magnetic London moment are deduced from the photon mass in the superconductor. Similarly, it is shown that the conjecture proposed by the authors to resolve the cooper pair mass anomaly reported by Tate, can be explained by a graviton mass in the superconductor different with respect to its expected cosmological value.Comment: 15 page

Condensation Energy of a Spacetime Condensate

Starting from an analogy between the Planck-Einstein scale and the dual length scales in Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity, and assuming that space-time is a condensate of neutral fermionic particles with Planck mass, we derive the baryonic mass of the universe. In that theoretical framework baryonic matter appears to be associated with the condensation energy gained by spacetime in the transition from its normal (symetric) to its (less symetric) superconducting-like phase. It is shown however that the critical transition temperature cannot be the Planck temperature. Thus leaving open the enigma of the microscopic description of spacetime at quantum level.Comment: 4 page