The G2 checkpoint activated by DNA damage does not prevent genome instability in plant cells

Root growth, G2 length, and the frequency of aberrant mitoses and apoptotic nuclei were recorded after a single X-ray irradiation, ranging from 2.5 to 40 Gy, in Allium cepa L. root meristematic cells. After 72 h of recovery, root growth was reduced in a dose-dependent manner from 10 to 40 Gy, but not at 2.5 or 5 Gy doses. Flow cytometry plus TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) showed that activation of apoptosis occurred only after 20 and 40 Gy of X-rays. Nevertheless, irrespective of the radiation dose, conventional flow cytometry showed that cells accumulated in G2 (4C DNA content). Simultaneously, the mitotic index fell, though a mitotic wave appeared later. Cell accumulation in G2 was transient and partially reversed by caffeine, thus it was checkpoint-dependent. Strikingly, the additional G2 time provided by this checkpoint was never long enough to complete DNA repair. Then, in all cases, some G2 cells with still-unrepaired DNA underwent checkpoint adaptation, i.e., they entered into the late mitotic wave with chromatid breaks. These cells and those produced by the breakage of chromosomal bridges in anaphase will reach the G1 of the next cell cycle unrepaired, ensuring the appearance of genome instabilit

Impact of Standardized Oral Health Assessment on Preventing Ventilator-Associated Events

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common but preventable health-care associated infection that affects up to 20% of mechanically ventilated adult patients, resulting in estimated mortality rates ranging from 13% to 55% (Chahoud, Semaan, Almoosa, 2015; Melsen et al., 2013). In an effort to reduce morbidity, mortality and related costs, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), proposed ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention as a national patient safety goal. In 2014, amid growing concerns that the subjectivity of existing definitions had led to inconsistent reporting, thereby impeding efforts to reduce VAP, the CDC refocused surveillance efforts on, the more broadly defined, ventilator associated events (VAE), which include VAP as well as a set of related conditions. Hospitals have been inconsistent in their adoption of evidence-based practice (EBP) to reduce the incidence of VAE. The purpose of this EBP project was to design, implement, and evaluate the use of a comprehensive oral health intervention to: (a) reduce the cumulative VAE rate at four facilities and (b) determine whether project adherence over a four month period had an impact on VAE incidence rate reduction. The Epidemiological Triangle of Infectious Disease and Everett Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation framework guided this multisite pretest-posttest study. The study introduced oral care and biofilm elimination education for nurses, and an oral health assessment tool. Aggregated VAE data was collected from each facility’s infection preventionist. The analysis involved pooled mean comparisons of data in the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods. The data showed a decrease in pooled VAE incidence rates of 1.8 per 1,000 ventilator-days, but this difference was not statistically significant, Χ2 (1, N = 4,846) = .37, p = .54. There was also a moderate correlation between documentation compliance and reduction of VAE rate (r = .4). However, this correlation was not statistically significant (p = .6). These findings provide preliminary evidence that routine oral assessment and timely intervention in MV patients are useful components of comprehensive oral care practices to prevent VAE

Impact of Standardized Oral Health Assessment on Preventing Ventilator-Associated Events

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common but preventable health-care associated infection that affects up to 20% of mechanically ventilated adult patients, resulting in estimated mortality rates ranging from 13% to 55% (Chahoud, Semaan, Almoosa, 2015; Melsen et al., 2013). In an effort to reduce morbidity, mortality and related costs, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), proposed ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention as a national patient safety goal. In 2014, amid growing concerns that the subjectivity of existing definitions had led to inconsistent reporting, thereby impeding efforts to reduce VAP, the CDC refocused surveillance efforts on, the more broadly defined, ventilator associated events (VAE), which include VAP as well as a set of related conditions. Hospitals have been inconsistent in their adoption of evidence-based practice (EBP) to reduce the incidence of VAE. The purpose of this EBP project was to design, implement, and evaluate the use of a comprehensive oral health intervention to: (a) reduce the cumulative VAE rate at four facilities and (b) determine whether project adherence over a four month period had an impact on VAE incidence rate reduction. The Epidemiological Triangle of Infectious Disease and Everett Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation framework guided this multisite pretest-posttest study. The study introduced oral care and biofilm elimination education for nurses, and an oral health assessment tool. Aggregated VAE data was collected from each facility’s infection preventionist. The analysis involved pooled mean comparisons of data in the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods. The data showed a decrease in pooled VAE incidence rates of 1.8 per 1,000 ventilator-days, but this difference was not statistically significant, Χ2 (1, N = 4,846) = .37, p = .54. There was also a moderate correlation between documentation compliance and reduction of VAE rate (r = .4). However, this correlation was not statistically significant (p = .6). These findings provide preliminary evidence that routine oral assessment and timely intervention in MV patients are useful components of comprehensive oral care practices to prevent VAE

Intermarriage in Hidalgo County, 1860-1900

David Montejano and others characterize early Hispanic-Anglo relations as operating under a peace structure, during which the two groups developed strong alliances. However, they suggest that after 1848, conflict and distrust replaced it. These studies rely on anecdotal evidence. To date, no one has sought to verify them using actual patterns of social interaction. This study addresses intermarriage between Hispanic, white non-Hispanic, Black and mixed heritage individuals in Hidalgo County. The quantitative data shows that the demographic characteristics of the area played a major role in defining the patterns of intermarriage. However, it points to a multiethnic society that intermarried throughout the nineteenth century. Moreover, social interaction between these groups increased constantly through time, suggesting that Montejano\u27s peace structure needs to be reexamined

How are Spanish academics coping with changes? Responses from a life histories research.

Podeu consultar la versió en català a: http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/20983[eng] This report is part of the research project, The effects of social changes in work and professional life of Spanish academics, partially financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SEJ2006-01876), that has explored change in legislation, organisation, research schemes and so on, in the last thirty years. The main aim of this project is deepening our understanding of the impact of undergoing economic, social, cultural, technological and labour change in Spanish universities in the life and professional identity of the teaching and research staff, taking into account the national and european context. This paper gathers part of the results gained from the project, being its primary objective to contribute to an improved knowledge-base on professional knowledge and work experience in higher education institutions in Spain and, as a consequence, to understand how Spanish academics are coping with current changes.[spa] Este documento forma parte de la investigación, Los efectos de los cambios sociales en el trabajo y la vida profesional de los docentes universitarios, parcialmente financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SEJ2006-01876), en el que hemos explorado los cambios en la legislación, la organización, los contextos de la investigación y la docencia, etc., en los últimos treinta años. El principal objetivo de este documento es profundizar en nuestra comprensión sobre el impacto del cambio económico, social, cultural, tecnológico y laboral que están experimentando las universidades españolas en la vida y la identidad profesional del personal docente e investigador, teniendo en cuenta el contexto nacional y europeo. Este trabajo recoge parte de los resultados obtenidos en el proyecto, siendo su principal objetivo contribuir a mejorar el conocimiento basado en la investigación sobre el saber profesional y la experiencia laboral en las universidades españolas, y en consecuencia, favorecer nuestra comprensión sobre cómo los académicos se están enfrentando con los cambios actuales.[cat] Aquest document forma part de la investigació, Els efectes dels canvis socials en el treball i la vida professional dels docents universitaris, parcialment finançat pel Ministeri de Ciència i Innovació (SEJ2006-01876), on hem explorat els canvis de la legislació, l'organització, els contextos d'investigació i docència etc., durant els darrers trenta anys. El principal objectiu d'aquest document és aprofundir en la comprensió de l'impacte del canvi econòmic, social, cultural, tecnològic i laboral que s'està experimentant a les universitats espanyoles en la vida i en la identitat professional de les persones docents i investigadores, tenint en compte el context nacional i europeu. Aquest treball recull part dels resultats obtinguts en el projecte, essent el seu principal objectiu contribuir a la millora del coneixement basat en la investigació sobre el saber professional i l'experiència laboral a les universitats espanyoles, i conseqüentment, afavorir la comprensió sobre com els acadèmics estan encarant els actuals canvis

Efecto antianémico del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Medicago sativa L (alfalfa) y Erythroxylum coca (hoja de coca) sobre la anemia ferropénica inducida en ratas hembras

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorEvalúa el efecto terapéutico del extracto etanólico de hojas de Medicago sativa L (alfalfa) y Erythroxylum coca (hoja de coca) sobre la anemia ferropénica inducida en ratas hembras. Realiza una investigación de diseño experimental en el Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad Medicina Humana de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Utiliza hojas de coca y alfalfa, ratas hembras de dos meses edad y cepa Holtzmann 200±10g. La anemia ferropénica (AF) fue inducida en roedores con dieta ferropénica, administrada por 15 días, hasta obtener hemoglobina 9 g/dl, en quienes se hizo la prueba piloto con 10 ratas en concentraciones diversas de los extractos etanólicos de Medicago sativa L y Erythroxylum coca, encontrándose incrementos significativos de hemoglobina a razón de 200 mg/Kg y 100 mg/Kg de extractos respectivamente. Luego sesenta animales fueron divididos en seis grupos: 1) normal (SSF 2 ml/kg), 2) AF, 3) AF + sulfato ferroso 1 mg/kg, 4) AF + Extracto etanólico de Medicago sativa L (EEMS 200 mg/kg, 5)AF + Extracto etanólico de Erythroxylum coca (EEEC 100 mg/kg) y 6) AF + Extractos etanólicos de Medicago sativa L y Erythroxylum coca (EEMS 200 mg/kg + EEEC 100 mg/kg). Se midió los niveles de hemoglobina, hematocrito y hierro sérico utilizando el espectrofotómetro. Los datos fueron analizados con ANOVA para determinar la influencia del extracto etanólico de medicago sativa L (alfalfa) y del extracto etanólico de erytrhoxylum coca sobre la anemia. Encuentra que hubo un mejor aumento de los niveles de hierro sérico en el grupo cuatro y seis (p0.05). Se demostró el efecto antianémico del extracto etanólico de Medicago sativa L y Erythroxylum coca a través de aumentos de los niveles de hierro sérico y hemoglobina.Tesi

Presencia de determinantes antigénicas P1 en Ascaris lumbricoides

The P System antigens have been detected in numerous parasites, bacterias and viruses, nevertheless the clinical significance is still unknown. The aim was to study the presence of P1 antigenic determiners in A. lumbricoides extracts by means of the use of 6 different monoclonal antibodies of well-known concentrations and Ig class. We worked with 14 A. lumbricoides extracts. Inhibition Agglutination Test was made in a bromelin enzymatic medium and 4 ºC temperature. Titre, Score and Sensitivity Parameter were determined for each monoclonal antibody against red cells suspension used as revealing system. Ten extracts inhibited the agglutination of all anti P1 monoclonal antibodies. The 4 remaining extracts only inhibited the agglutination of some of them. It is demonstrated that the extracts have P1 activity. This activity is independent of titre, Score, Sensitivity Parameter, concentration and Ig class and it depends on the epitope at which the monoclonal antibody is directed.Los antígenos del Sistema P han sido detectados en numerosos parásitos, bacterias y virus, aunque todavía se desconoce su significado clínico. El objetivo fue estudiar la presencia de determinantes antigénicas P1 en extractos de A. lumbricoides mediante el uso de 6 anticuerpos monoclonales de concentraciones y clase de Ig conocidas. Se trabajó con 14 extractos de A. lumbricoides. Se realizó la prueba de Inhibición de la Aglutinación en medio enzimático de bromelina y temperatura de 4 ºC. Se determinó el título, Score y Parámetro de Sensibilidad de cada anticuerpo monoclonal frente a la suspensión de glóbulos rojos usada como sistema revelador. Diez extractos inhibieron la aglutinación de todos los anticuerpos monoclonales anti P1 con la suspensión de glóbulos rojos P1. Los 4 extractos restantes sólo inhibieron la aglutinación de algunos de ellos. Se demuestra que todos los extractos estudiados tienen actividad P1. Esta actividad es independiente del título, Score, Parámentro de Sensibilidad, concentración y clase de Ig del anticuerpo monoclonal y depende del epitope al cual esta dirigido el anticuerpo