23,706 research outputs found
INEFFECTIVE CONTROLS ON CAPITAL INFLOWS UNDER SOPHISTICATED FINANCIAL MARKETS: BRAZIL IN THE NINETIES
The Role of Fermions in Bubble Nucleation
We present a study of the role of fermions in the decay of metastable states
of a scalar field via bubble nucleation. We analyze both one and
three-dimensional systems by using a gradient expansion for the calculation of
the fermionic determinant. The results of the one-dimensional case are compared
to the exact results of previous work.Comment: 15 pages, revtex, 9 figure
A Tolman Surface Brightness Test for Universal Expansion, and the Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies in Distant Clusters
We use the intercept of the elliptical galaxy radius--surface brightness (SB)
relation at a fixed metric radius as the standard condition for the Tolman SB
test of the universal expansion. We use surface photometry in the optical and
near-IR of elliptical galaxies in Abell~2390 () and Abell~851
(), and compare them to the Coma cluster at . The
photometric data for each cluster are well-described by the Kormendy relation
, where in the optical and in the
near-IR. The scatter about this near-IR relation is only in
at the highest redshift, which is much smaller than at low redshifts,
suggesting a remarkable homogeneity of the cluster elliptical population at
. We use the intercept of these fixed-slope correlations at ~kpc (assuming ~km~s~Mpc, , and
, where the results are only weakly dependent on the cosmology) to
construct the Tolman SB test for these three clusters. The data are fully
consistent with universal expansion if we assume simple models of passive
evolution for elliptical galaxies, but are inconsistent with a non-expanding
geometry (the tired light cosmology) at the confidence level at
. These results suggest luminosity evolution in the restframe -band
of ~mag from to the present, and are consistent with
the ellipticals having formed at high redshift. The SB intercept in elliptical
galaxy correlations is thus a powerful tool for investigating models of their
evolution for significant lookback times.Comment: to appear in The Astrophysical Journal (Letters); 13 pages, including
3 Postscript figures and 1 table; uuencoded, compressed format; the paper is
also available in various formats from
http://astro.caltech.edu/~map/map.bibliography.refereed.htm
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