Modelling 5-km Running Performance on Level and Hilly Terrains in Recreational Runners

[EN] Incline and level running on treadmills have been extensively studied due to their different cardiorespiratory and biomechanical acute responses. However, there are no studies examining the performance determinants of outdoor running on hilly terrains. We aimed to investigate the influence of anthropometrics, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory and gait spatiotemporal parameters during level (0%) and inclined (+7%) running on performance in level and hilly 5-km races. Twenty male recreational runners completed two 5-km outdoor running tests (0% vs. +7% and −7%), and two submaximal (10 km·h−1) and incremental treadmill tests at 0 and 7% slopes, after complete laboratory evaluations. The velocity at maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) evaluated at 7% incline and level treadmill running were the best performance predictors under both hilly (R2 = 0.72; p < 0.05 ) and level (R2 = 0.85; p < 0.01) conditions, respectively. Inclusion of ventilatory and submaximal heart rate data improved the predictive models up to 100%. Conversely, none of the parameters evaluated in one condition contributed to the other condition. The spatiotemporal parameters and the runners’ strength levels were not associated to outdoor performances. These results indicate that the vVO2max evaluated at similar slopes in the lab can be used to predict 5-km running performances on both level and hilly terrains

Modelling 5-km running performance on level and hilly terrains in recreational runners

Incline and level running on treadmills have been extensively studied due to their different cardiorespiratory and biomechanical acute responses. However, there are no studies examining the performance determinants of outdoor running on hilly terrains. We aimed to investigate the influence of anthropometrics, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory and gait spatiotemporal parameters during level (0%) and inclined (+7%) running on performance in level and hilly 5-km races. Twenty male recreational runners completed two 5-km outdoor running tests (0% vs. +7% and −7%), and two submaximal (10 km·h −1 ) and incremental treadmill tests at 0 and 7% slopes, after complete laboratory evaluations. The velocity at maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) evaluated at 7% incline and level treadmill running were the best performance predictors under both hilly (R2 = 0.72; p < 0.05) and level (R2 = 0.85; p < 0.01) conditions, respectively. Inclusion of ventilatory and submaximal heart rate data improved the predictive models up to 100%. Conversely, none of the parameters evaluated in one condition contributed to the other condition. The spatiotemporal parameters and the runners’ strength levels were not associated to outdoor performances. These results indicate that the vVO2max evaluated at similar slopes in the lab can be used to predict 5-km running performances on both level and hilly terrains

O T10 como uma alternativa aos métodos convencionais de determinação da velocidade crítica e a sua potencial aplicação na corrida de rua

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Sergio Gregorio Da SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Defesa : Curitiba, 20/08/2021Inclui referências: p. 46-52Resumo: A prescrição da intensidade do exercício é geralmente associada a um marcador metabólico, como consumo máximo de oxigênio, máxima fase estável de lactato, entre outros e que normalmente são de difícil acesso a população. A velocidade crítica (VC) surgiu como uma alternativa para a determinação dos domínios de intensidade através de testes máximos que podem executados em esteira ou em campo e exigem poucos materiais, e o T10 surgiu como uma alternativa para predição da VC através da realização de um teste submáximo em esteira com duração de 10 minutos. Avaliamos se o T10 consegue predizer com fidelidade a VC e se esse teste pode também ser utilizado na prescrição de corridas contínuas e intervaladas baseadas nos domínios de intensidade. Cem corredores de rua recreacionais realizaram o T10 e um teste de VC tradicional para determinar as velocidades e no segundo momento do trabalho 44 corredores dessa amostra realizaram as corridas intervaladas e contínuas. A velocidade do T10 foi comparada com a VC determinada a partir de 3 corridas em pista de atletismo (1200, 2400 e 3600 m) e há uma alta correlação entre os testes (r= 0,91). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (t = 1,8, p = 0,09) entre as velocidades obtidas no T10 (3,89 ± 0,49 m/s) e no teste de campo (3,85 ± 0,51 m/s). O T10 está significativamente associado as velocidades em corridas intervaladas e contínuas. As corridas intervaladas de 400 e 1000 metros foram realizadas a 119,82 ± 5,03% e 109,77 ± 3,29% da velocidade do T10, possivelmente no domínio severo da intensidade e as corridas contínuas de 8000 e 12000 metros correspondendo a 99,63 ± 2,85% e 87,32 ± 4,25% da velocidade obtida no T10 e possivelmente realizadas no domínio pesado e moderado da intensidade. O T10 pode ser utilizado como alternativa eficaz para a determinação da VC, da fronteira entre o domínio de intensidade pesado e severo e para controle na prescrição de corridas contínuas e intervaladas.Abstract: The prescription of exercise intensity is generally associated with a metabolic marker, such as maximum oxygen consumption, maximum lactate stable phase, among others, which are normally difficult to access to the population. The critical speed (CS) emerged as an alternative for the determination of intensity domains through maximum tests that can be performed on a treadmill or in the field and require few materials, and the T10 emerged as an alternative for the prediction of CS by carrying out a submaximal treadmill test lasting 10 minutes. We evaluated whether the T10 can reliably predict CS and whether this test can also be used in the prescription of continuous and interval running based on intensity domains. One hundred recreational street runners performed the T10 and a traditional CS test to determine speeds, and 44 runners in this sample performed the interval and continuous running. The T10 speed was compared with the CS determined from 3 runs on the athletics track (1200, 2400 and 3600 m) and there is a high correlation between the tests (r= 0.91). No significant differences were found (t = 1.8, p = 0.09) between the velocities obtained in T10 (3.89 ± 0.49 m.s-1) and in the field test (3.85 ± 0.51 m.s-1). T10 is significantly associated with speeds in interval and continuous running. The 400 and 1000 meter interval runs were performed at 119.82 ± 5.03% and 109.77 ± 3.29% of the T10 speed, possibly in the severe domain of intensity, and the continuous runs of 8000 and 12000 meters corresponding to 99.63 ± 2.85% and 87.32 ± 4.25% of the velocity obtained at T10 and possibly performed in the heavy and moderate domain of intensity. The T10 can be used as an effective alternative to determine the CS, the boundary between the heavy and severe intensit

Protocolos utilizados para mensurar a velocidade crítica : revisão critica da literatura

Orientador : Sergio Gregorio da SilvaTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curso de Especialização em Fisiologia do Exercício.Resumo: Em decorrência dos hábitos de vida o ser humano tornou-se mais sedentário, em contrapartida a população vem buscando atividades ao ar livre com períodos mais flexíveis, como por exemplo a corrida e a caminhada. A corrida de longa distância é considerada um fenômeno socio esportivo. Com o crescimento da modalidade vários indivíduos de todos os níveis estão praticando essa modalidade. Pensando nisso vários autores estão propondo um modelo de marcador para o desempenho denominado velocidade crítica (VC). Essa medida pode ser utilizada para elaborar treinamentos e identificar os níveis de condicionamento do atleta seja ela recreacional ou profissional. Para a elaboração dessa revisão utilizamos as bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed e Web of Science que retornaram um total de 675 resultados que foram filtrados de acordo com critérios de inclusão e exclusão e 9 artigos foram adicionados para a revisão. O objetivo da revisão é reunir os protocolos utilizados para mensurar a VC e avaliar as limitações e benefícios deles. Três tipos de protocolos são utilizados, um com distância fixa, outro com tempo fixo e um protocolo que utiliza velocidades pré-determinadas para a exaustão entre uma zona alvo de tempo. Fica evidente que o protocolo de distância fixa com modelo matemático linear é o mais fácil de se aplicar e que possui uma melhor relação com os resultados de provas. Depois de analisados os protocolos sugerimos que protocolos submáximos sejam desenvolvidos para que outra parcela da população com alguma necessidade especial possa ter um parâmetro para controle de treinamentos

Relationship of critical speed derived from a 10-minute submaximal treadmill test to 5-km and 10-km running performances

It has been shown that the critical speed (CS) predicted from a perceptually self-regulated 10-min submaximal treadmill test (T10) is reliable and closely matches the CS estimated from conventional methods. To assess the relationship between the T10 and 5-km and 10-km running performances, 36 recreational runners (mean SD: age: 32.2 6.2 years, height: 173.2 7.3 cm, weight: 70.9 8.8 kg, V̇O2max: 53.3 6.1 mL.kg-1.min-1) performed a ramp incremental test and two T10 tests (the first as a familiarization trial). Results showed that the T10 CS (3.9 0.44 m.s-1) was significantly correlated with runners’ last 6 months best performances in 5-km (20.3 2.7 min; r = -0.90) and 10-km (42.7 5.7 min; r = -0.91), the V̇O2max (r = 0.75), the speed associated with the gas exchange threshold (vGET: 3.38 0.36 m.s-1; r = 0.76), the speed associated with the second ventilatory threshold (vVT2: 4.15 0.49 m.s-1; r = 0.84), and the speed associated with the V̇O2max (vV̇O2max: 4.78 0.54 m.s-1; r = 0.87). Moreover, 79% and 83% of the variance in 5-km and 10-km performances could be explained solely by the CS predicted from the T10. Results evidenced the strong relationship and practical performance relevance of the T10 CS test. Novelty: • Critical speed derived from a 10-min submaximal treadmill test (T10) is significantly correlated with 5-km and 10-km running performances • The T10 critical speed test may represent a useful tool for assessing running performance capabilitiesThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Association of the Practice of Physical Activity and Dietary Pattern with Psychological Distress before and during COVID-19 in Brazilian Adults

To verify the association between the practice of physical activity and dietary patterns and psychological distress before and during the lockdown due to COVID-19, a cross-sectional study was performed with 2000 Brazilians (mean [M] = 35.78 years; standard deviation [SD] = 11.20; 59.6% women) recruited through convenience sampling via digital media. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire containing sociodemographic and clinical information, nutritional patterns, physical activity, and psychological distress. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multinomial regression. Before the COVID-19 lockdown, the chance of women presenting very high stress, in relation to men, was six times higher (OR = 6.32; 95% CI 4.20–9.51), a behavior that remained similar during the lockdown (OR = 6.63; 95% CI 4.40–10.00). Before the lockdown, insufficient physical activity doubled the chance of having very high stress in relation to those who engaged in physical activities six to seven times a week (OR = 2.11; 95% CI 1.10–4.02). However, during the lockdown, this probability was higher, from twice to 10 times the chance (OR = 10.19; 95% CI 4.85–21.41). Not exercising alone (OR = 2.18; 95% CI 1.52–3.11) and a decreasing physical activity frequency (OR = 2.28; 95% CI 1.40–3.71) were also associated with very high stress during the lockdown. Additionally, the consumption of smaller amounts of food showed an inverse association with very high stress (OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.18–0.43). The maintenance of physical activity and an adequate eating frequency are measures that should be considered to cope with higher levels of anxiety and depression