Global Emergence of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Mediated by Acquisition of sul Genes

The first sul2 genes have been found in S. maltophilia from several different countries

The antibacterial properties of Malaysian tualang honey against wound and enteric microorganisms in comparison to manuka honey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Antibiotic resistance of bacteria is on the rise, thus the discovery of alternative therapeutic agents is urgently needed. Honey possesses therapeutic potential, including wound healing properties and antimicrobial activity. Although the antimicrobial activity of honey has been effectively established against an extensive spectrum of microorganisms, it differs depending on the type of honey. To date, no extensive studies of the antibacterial properties of tualang (<it>Koompassia excelsa</it>) honey on wound and enteric microorganisms have been conducted. The objectives of this study were to conduct such studies and to compare the antibacterial activity of tualang honey with that of manuka honey.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using a broth dilution method, the antibacterial activity of tualang honey against 13 wound and enteric microorganisms was determined; manuka honey was used as the control. Different concentrations of honey [6.25-25% (w/v)] were tested against each type of microorganism. Briefly, two-fold dilutions of honey solutions were tested to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against each type of microorganism, followed by more assays within a narrower dilution range to obtain more precise MIC values. MICs were determined by both visual inspection and spectrophotometric assay at 620 nm. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) also was determined by culturing on blood agar plates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By visual inspection, the MICs of tualang honey ranged from 8.75% to 25% compared to manuka honey (8.75-20%). Spectrophotometric readings of at least 95% inhibition yielded MIC values ranging between 10% and 25% for both types of honey. The lowest MBC for tualang honey was 20%, whereas that for manuka honey was 11.25% for the microorganisms tested. The lowest MIC value (8.75%) for both types of honey was against <it>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</it>. Tualang honey had a lower MIC (11.25%) against <it>Acinetobacter baumannii </it>compared to manuka honey (12.5%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Tualang honey exhibited variable activities against different microorganisms, but they were within the same range as those for manuka honey. This result suggests that tualang honey could potentially be used as an alternative therapeutic agent against certain microorganisms, particularly <it>A. baumannii </it>and <it>S. maltophilia</it>.</p

Facial esthetics in a selected Saudi population

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the soft tissue cephalometric norms of the Saudi population and to evaluate whether significant cephalometric soft tissue differences exist between Saudi and Caucasian population. Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 40 selected Saudis with esthetically pleasing faces (20 males and 20 females). The study was carried out in the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 1999 - 2001. The age range between 20 and 30 years was analyzed using Burstone system of soft tissue analysis. The means, standard deviations and ranges of the measurements were compared between males and females, and both figures correlated with the results obtained for a Caucasian population. Results: Statistically, the facial convexity angle (glabella-subnasale-soft tissue pogonion) was found to be less convex for the Saudi group; the maxillary prognathism was more anterior, and the upper and lower lip positions were more anterior. Conclusions: The results of the present study are significant, and showed that the normal Saudis have a slightly lesser obtuse nasolabial angle, and a more anteriorly positioned upper and lower lips. These results have a clinical implication in the diagnosis and treatment of adult Saudis with dentofacial deformities.King Saud Universit

Cephalometric Evaluation using McNamara analysis in a sample of Saudi adults.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe cephalometric norms of Saudi adults using McNamara`s analysis and to compare with the result obtained by McNamara. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cephalometric radiographs of 95 adults 45 males and 50 females, the mean ages were 28.4 years for males and 25.3 for females. All samples fulfilled the criteria of selection. Twelve points were digitized and processed by Dentofacial Planner® computer software program. Ten measurements, 8 linear and 2 angular were identified. For statistical evaluation, one sample t-test was performed. The mean values and the standard deviations for the cephalometric variables were obtained and the means were compared with McNamara study. RESULTS: Both Saudi males and females, have long lower anterior facial height, increased mandibular plane angle, and posterior positioned of the chin. The Saudi females have slightly increased mandibular length, slight prominence of midfacial length and maxillo-mandibular differential fall towards higher values. CONCLUSION: Dentally Saudi males showed protruded upper and lower incisors whereas the Saudi females showed protrusion in the lower incisors.King Saud Universit

Subgingival irrigation effects of chlorhexidine or sanguinarine on gingivitis in orthodontic patients.

This clinical investigation examined the effect of a single subgingival irrigation of chlorhexidine 0.2% or sanguinarine on gingivitis affecting orthodontically banded first molars in adolescent patients. Eighteen patients with gingivitis participated in the study. Probing depth, papilla bleeding index and plaque index were recorded at four sites for three molars at baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks by one investigator. A second investigator irrigated a single application of 3 ml of either chlorhexidine, sanguinarine or saline. The gingival bleeding as determined by papilla bleeding index was almost eliminated in the 4 week period. A reduction of the plaque index and probing depth was observed in all three groups. A significant difference related to probing depth between the effect of saline and chlorhexidine (p<0.01) was noted.King Saud Universit

Ratio of molars DMFT with full mouth DMFT in a population from Saudi Arabia

There is a very few data available on the DMFT of population from Saudi Arabia. This study was carried out to assess full mouth DMFT and ratio of molars DMFT, to develop preventing guidelines. One hundred and eighty patients were examined in three groups ie 25-34, 35-44 and 45-55 ye a rs. It was found that almost 50 % of the total DMFT was constituted by first and second molars. So it is recommended that there is a need of focussing on these teeth first of all by fissure sealants, or preventive resin restorations with water fluoridation and dietary considerations.King Saud Universit